Optimum size in grid soil sampling for variable rate application in site-specific management
Marcos Rafael Nanni,Fabrício Pinheiro Povh,José Alexandre Melo Demattê,Roney Berti de Oliveira,Marcelo Luiz Chicati,Everson Cezar +5 more
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TLDR
In this paper, the authors evaluate the spatial variability of the main attributes that influence fertilization recommendations, using georeferenced soil samples arranged in grid patterns of different resolutions, and compare the spatial maps generated with those obtained with the standard sampling of 1 sample ha -1, in order to verify the appropriateness of the spatial resolution.Abstract:
The importance of understanding spatial variability of soils is connected to crop management planning. This understanding makes it possible to treat soil not as a uniform, but a variable entity, and it enables site-specific management to increase production efficiency, which is the target of precision agriculture. Questions remain as the optimum soil sampling interval needed to make site-specific fertilizer recommendations in Brazil. The objectives of this study were: i) to evaluate the spatial variability of the main attributes that influence fertilization recommendations, using georeferenced soil samples arranged in grid patterns of different resolutions; ii) to compare the spatial maps generated with those obtained with the standard sampling of 1 sample ha -1 , in order to verify the appropriateness of the spatial resolution. The attributes evaluated were phosphorus (P), potassium (K), organic matter (OM), base saturation (V%) and clay. Soil samples were collected in a 100 × 100 m georeferenced grid. Thinning was performed in order to create a grid with one sample every 2.07, 2.88, 3.75 and 7.20 ha. Geostatistical techniques, such as semivariogram and interpolation using kriging, were used to analyze the attributes at the different grid resolutions. This analysis was performed with the Vesper software package. The maps created by this method were compared using the kappa statistics. Additionally, correlation graphs were drawn by plotting the observed values against the estimated values using cross-validation. P, K and V%, a finer sampling resolution than the one using 1 sample ha -1 is required, while for OM and clay coarser resolutions of one sample every two and three hectares, respectively, may be acceptable.read more
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Sensor systems for mapping soil fertility attributes: challenges, advances, and perspectives in brazilian tropical soils
TL;DR: A broad view of the challenges, advances, and perspectives of sensor application in Brazilian tropical soils in the context of precision agriculture can be found in this article, where the authors present a bibliographic review of the concepts involved and main techniques used in soil sensing to predict fertility attributes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sampling density and proportion for the characterization of the variability of Oxisol attributes on different materials
Diego Silva Siqueira,José Carlos Marques,Gener Tadeu Pereira,Ronny Sobreira Barbosa,Daniel De Bortoli Teixeira,Rafael Gonçalves Peluco +5 more
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Influence of soil sample preparation on the quantification of NPK content via spectroscopy
Marcos Antonio Neris Coutinho,Fernando de Oliveira Alari,Márcia M. C. Ferreira,Lucas Rios do Amaral +3 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of sieving and drying temperature on the determination of total nitrogen and phosphorus and potassium contents, by using Vis-NIR and mid-infrared spectroscopies, was evaluated.
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3D-Printed Graphene Electrodes Applied in an Impedimetric Electronic Tongue for Soil Analysis
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