Journal ArticleDOI
Pain Assessment in Children with Cognitive Impairment: An Exploration of Self-Report Skills
TLDR
Prior to surgery, 47 children with borderline to profound cognitive impairment were administered tasks to evaluate their understanding of the concepts of magnitude and ordinal position and their abilities to use a 0 to 5 numerical scale to rate pain levels in schematic faces.Abstract:
Prior to surgery, 47 children (ages 8 to 17) with borderline to profound cognitive impairment were administered tasks to evaluate their understanding of the concepts of magnitude and ordinal position and their abilities to use a 0 to 5 numerical scale to rate pain levels in schematic faces. Of the 111 children (ages 4 to 14) without cognitive impairment, were administered the same tasks. Nurses conducting preoperative evaluations predicted whether children would understand the numerical scale. Fifty percent (n = 3) of children with borderline and 35% (n = 7) of children with mild cognitive impairment (and all children 8 years and older nonimpaired) correctly used the scale. Half of the children with cognitive impairment demonstrated skills (magnitude and ordinal position) that may allow them to use simpler pain rating methods. Nurses overestimated the abilities of cognitively impaired children (and younger children without cognitive impairment) to use the rating scale.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Pain: a review of three commonly used pain rating scales.
TL;DR: All three pain-rating scales are valid, reliable and appropriate for use in clinical practice, although the Visual Analogue Scale has more practical difficulties than the Verbal Rating Scale or the Numerical Rating Scale.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pain assessment in the nonverbal patient: position statement with clinical practice recommendations.
Keela Herr,Patrick J. Coyne,Tonya Key,Renee C.B. Manworren,Margo McCaffery,Sandra Merkel,Jane Pelosi-Kelly,Lori Wild +7 more
TL;DR: The article presents the position statement and clinical practice recommendations for pain assessment in the nonverbal patient developed by an appointed Task Force and approved by the ASPMN Board of Directors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Three new datasets supporting use of the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS-11) for children's self-reports of pain intensity.
Carl L. von Baeyer,Lara J. Spagrud,Julia C. McCormick,Eugene Choo,Kathleen A. Neville,Mark Connelly +5 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that use of the Numerical Rating Scale is tentatively supported for clinical practice with children of 8 years and older, and recommended further research on the lower age limit and on standardized age‐appropriate anchors and instructions for this scale.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pain assessment in the patient unable to self-report: position statement with clinical practice recommendations.
TL;DR: The magnitude of this issue is described, populations at risk are defined, and clinical practice recommendations for appropriate pain assessment using a hierarchical framework for assessing pain in those unable to self-report are offered.
Journal ArticleDOI
The revised FLACC observational pain tool: improved reliability and validity for pain assessment in children with cognitive impairment
TL;DR: This study evaluated the validity and reliability of the revised and individualized Face Legs Activity Cry and Consolability (FLACC) behavioral pain assessment tool in children with CI.
References
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Book
The Psychology of the Child
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss factors in mental development, including the development of perception, concepts, and operations of thought and interpersonal relations, as well as the three levels in the transition from action to operation.
Journal Article
Pain in children: comparison of assessment scales.
Journal ArticleDOI
The faces pain scale for the self-assessment of the severity of pain experienced by children: Development, initial validation, and preliminary investigation for ratio scale properties
TL;DR: Overall, the faces pain scale incorporates conventions used by children, has achieved strong agreement in the rank ordering of pain, has indications that the intervals are close to equal, and is treated by children as a scale.