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Parallels and Contrasts in the History of Homosexuality, Gender Variance, and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
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TLDR
The American Psychiatric Association (APA) is in the process of revising its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM), with the DSM-V having an anticipated publication date of 2012 as discussed by the authors.Abstract:
The American Psychiatric Association (APA) is in the process of revising its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM), with the DSM-V having an anticipated publication date of 2012. As part of that ongoing process, in May 2008, APA announced its appointment of the Work Group on Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders (WGSGID). The announcement generated a flurry of concerned and anxious responses in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community, mostly focused on the status of the diagnostic categories of Gender Identity Disorder (GID) (for both children and adolescents and adults). Activists argued, as in the case of homosexuality in the 1970s, that it is wrong to label expressions of gender variance as symptoms of a mental disorder and that perpetuating DSM-IV-TR’s GID diagnoses in the DSM-V would further stigmatize and cause harm to transgender individuals. Other advocates in the trans community expressed concern that deleting GID would lead to denying medical and surgical care for transgender adults. This review explores how criticisms of the existing GID diagnoses parallel and contrast with earlier historical events that led APA to remove homosexuality from the DSM in 1973. It begins with a brief introduction to binary formulations that lead not only to linkages of sexual orientation and gender identity, but also to scientific and clinical etiological theories that implicitly moralize about matters of sexuality and gender. Next is a review of the history of how homosexuality came to be removed from the DSM-II in 1973 and how, not long thereafter, the GID diagnoses found their way into DSM-III in 1980. Similarities and differences in the relationships of homosexuality and gender identity to psychiatric and medical thinking are elucidated. Following a discussion of these issues, the author recommends changes in the DSM-V and some internal and public actions that the American Psychiatric Association should take.read more
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The Health of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender People: Building a Foundation for Better Understanding
TL;DR: The National Institutes of Health asked the Institute of Medicine to assess current knowledge of the health status of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender populations; to identify research gaps and opportunities; and to outline a research agenda to help NIH focus its research in this area.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transgender Population Size in the United States: a Meta-Regression of Population-Based Probability Samples.
Esther L. Meerwijk,Jae Sevelius +1 more
TL;DR: A meta-regression model, based on 12 surveys covering 2007 to 2015, explained 62.5% of model heterogeneity, with a significant effect for each unit increase in survey year, suggested a current US population size of 390 adults per 100 000, or almost 1 million adults nationally.
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Out of DSM: Depathologizing Homosexuality
TL;DR: Some historical scientific theories and arguments that first led to the placement of homosexuality in DSM-I and DSM-II as well as alternative theories that eventually led to its removal from DSM III and subsequent editions of the manual are reviewed.
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Disorders related to sexuality and gender identity in the ICD-11: revising the ICD-10 classification based on current scientific evidence, best clinical practices, and human rights considerations.
Geoffrey M. Reed,Jack Drescher,Richard B. Krueger,Elham Atalla,Susan D. Cochran,Michael B. First,Peggy T. Cohen-Kettenis,Iván Arango-de Montis,Sharon J. Parish,Sara Cottler,Peer Briken,Shekhar Saxena +11 more
TL;DR: The proposed classification of Paraphilic disorders distinguishes between conditions that are relevant to public health and clinical psychopathology and those that merely reflect private behaviour.
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Book
The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud
TL;DR: The Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud in English as mentioned in this paper is the first full paperback publication of the standard edition of the complete psychological works in English, containing twenty-four volumes.
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed
Arnold M. Cooper,Robert Michels +1 more