Journal ArticleDOI
Patterns in the Distribution of Two Wolf Spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) in Two Soybean Agroecosytems
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The results of substratum-choice experiments indicate that the greater vegetative debris on the soil surface in the conservation tillage fields may explain the greater densities of both species in these fields.Abstract:
We studied the distribution of 2 wolf spider species in 2 soybean, Glycine max (L.), agroecosystems in southwestern Ohio, USA. We used replicated 0.42-ha soybean fields maintained under 2 different tillage regimes (conservation tillage and conventional tillage) and 2 wolf spider species [ Hogna helluo (Walckenaer) and Pardosa milvina Hentz]. We censused the spiders over 4 field seasons (1994–1997) and found a tendency for there to be more of both species in the conservation tillage plots, although this difference was not statistically significant in most years. There were also more P. milvina than H. helluo on most census dates. P. milvina had 2 population peaks in the years we censused for the whole season (1995–1997), which may be explained by a bivoltine life cycle in the fields. We also found that the conservation-tilled fields had more vegetative debris on the soil surface and more standing weeds than the conventionally tilled fields. The conservation-tilled fields also had a greater prey biomass than the tilled fields overall. These differences in habitat structure and prey availability were positively correlated with differences in the abundances of the 2 wolf spider species. The results of substratum-choice experiments conducted in the field and laboratory indicate that the greater vegetative debris on the soil surface in the conservation tillage fields may explain the greater densities of both species in these fields.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Wolf spiders show graded antipredator behavior in the presence of chemical cues from different sized predators
TL;DR: The results suggest that Pardosa is showing graded antipredator behavior relative to the quantity of predator kairomones present rather than directly discriminating among the different sizes of the predator.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fitness costs and benefits of antipredator behavior mediated by chemotactile cues in the wolf spider Pardosa milvina (Araneae: Lycosidae)
TL;DR: Pardosa exposed to HognA cues coupled with live Hogna survived significantly longer than spiders that had no predator cues available and lost weight more quickly, ate fewer prey, were in poorer body condition, produced lighter egg sacs, and produced fewer eggs than spiders in control or conspecific treatments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mutual Mate Assessment in Wolf Spiders: Differences in the Cues Used by Males and Females
TL;DR: Whether males could detect the mating status of the female and if chemotactile cues from the female played a role in that process were determined and quantified conspicuous aspects of the male courtship to determine if courtship intensity was related to female choice.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide affects agrobiont predatory arthropod behaviour and long-term survival.
TL;DR: Exposure of terrestrial arthropods to glyphosate-based herbicides affects their behaviour and long-term survival, suggesting that herbicides can affect arthropod community dynamics separate from their impact on the plant community and may influence biological control in agroecosystems.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Detritus Food Webs in Conventional and No-tillage Agroecosystems
Paul F. Hendrix,Robert W. Parmelee,D. A. Crossley,David C. Coleman,Eugene P. Odum,Peter M. Groffman +5 more
TL;DR: The total area under conservation tillage is estimated to be between 24 and 36 million hectares, or about one-third of the nation's cropland, which represents an increase of about 1,25% during the past decade as discussed by the authors.
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