Publisher Summary This chapter summarizes the overall hypothesis of the function of the neuromodulators. The whole system is enormously complex, exhibiting a huge range of intricate and finely engineered anatomical and functional details. Most neuromodulators can either promote or inhibit the activity of neurotransmitters [glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)] and of other neuromodulators according to circumstances, such as location, state of the system, different receptors, different timing and concentrations, and different modes of neuronal firing. Except in the case of the cholinergic system in the striatum, the neuromodulators adhere to a common pattern with a small centrally located nucleus, or nuclei, each giving rise to a vast axonal tree that spreads widely in the brain. Each neuromodulator modulates the effects of other neuromodulators. The function of the cholinergic system in the motor cortex, limbic system, thalamus, and other subcortical structures remains obscure.

Phantoms in the Brain

Section VI. Conclusion

What was once a biological structure and eventually through evolution ultimately became vestigial, also became transformed or even transmogrified into the human psyche. It was not that this anatomical vestige became the brain. Rather, it was that certain of its functions were then assumed by the brain. From such transmutation of function or transmogrification, it is proposed that man was then able to identify God.

God and the Important Anatomical Vestigial Structure

Most people, whether young or old lack confidence in their mathematical ability. However, this can all change if you endeavour to make learning maths as fun as possible, as Linda Pound explains.

http://www.magonlinelibrary.com/doi/pdfplus/10.12968/eyed.2007.9.3.23926

Early mathematical development

A feeling that “I controlling this” is called as the sense of agency (SA). Recently, there have been many studies for improving motor skill through making perception that the passive bodily movement caused by observation of the other’s movement or a machine operation as active movement. However, these methods cannot impress the problems of self-motion. In this regard, we hypothesize that observation of himself/herself from third-party’s point of view and improving skill of finding problem of self-motion is possible when self-motion is perceived as an other person’s motion based on mechanism of SA. In this paper, we propose “Diminished agency” to attenuate SA from observing self-motion for the finding problem involved motor-skill based on the findings a sense of ownership (SO) influences SA. This paper summarizes finding mechanism of SA and discusses the feasibility of “Diminished agency.”

Phantoms in the Brain

Citations

Section VI. Conclusion

God and the Important Anatomical Vestigial Structure

Early mathematical development

Diminished Agency: Attenuating a Sense of Agency for Problem Finding on Personal Physical Performance

Chronische Bewegungsschmerzen, Neuroplastizität und Bewusstsein

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Phenomenology of Perception