Plastic Deformation of Upper Mantle Silicate Minerals
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In this paper, it was shown that the glide mechanisms on which olivine crystals in naturally occurring aggregates are deformed operate in the experimentally deformed specimens in addition to other glide mechanisms which occur naturally only in meteorites.Abstract:
Summary Several minerals which from their occurrence in nodular inclusions in basalts and on theoretical grounds are believed to occur in the upper mantle have been deformed experimentally at high temperature and pressure. The glide mechanisms on which olivine crystals in naturally occurring aggregates are deformed operate in the experimentally deformed specimens in addition to other glide mechanisms which occur naturally only in meteorites. The glide mechanisms which predominate in olivine are shown to be a function of temperature and strain-rate. Diopside deforms chiefly by mechanical twinning in the experiments and enstatite by slip and shear-transformation to clinoenstatite.read more
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Seismology and the new global tectonics
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive study of the observations of seismology provides widely based strong support for the new global tectonics which is founded on the hypotheses of continental drift, sea-floor spreading, transform faults and underthrusting of the lithosphere at island arcs.
Journal ArticleDOI
The mechanisms of creep in olivine
TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental verification of the deformation map of polycrystalline olivine is presented, based on a Dorn law above 2 kbar differential stress, e/s -1 = 5.7x10 11 ex{-128kcal/mol/RT (1-cr 1 -cr 2 /85000) 2 }, with a power law below 2 k-bar, e = 70(cr 1-cr 3 ) exp{- 122kc/mol)/RT, where stress is measured in bars ( l bar = 10 5 Pa
Journal ArticleDOI
Steady state flow of rocks
TL;DR: Experimentally determined steady state flow properties and processes of important rock-forming materials are reviewed in reference to those of metals and ceramics and to physical conditions in the earth's crust and upper mantle as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plastic flow of oriented single crystals of olivine: 1. Mechanical data
William B. Durham,C. Goetze +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a total of 41 selectively oriented single crystals of olivine (Fo92) were deformed under uniaxial stresses of 100-1800 bars in the temperature range 1150°-1600°C.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms of plastic deformation of olivine
TL;DR: In this article, the active slip system of terrestrial olivine was determined from microscopic study of slip bands, deformation lamellas and kink bands, and it was shown that at temperatures less than 1000°C, slip on {0kl} [100], pencil glide in [100, the system shown here to be predominant in naturally deformed terrestrial Olivine, occurs in addition to the system {110} [001] and becomes the predominant mechanism with decreasing strain rate.
References
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Book ChapterDOI
Chapter 4: Deformation of Rocks at 500° to 800° C.
Journal ArticleDOI
Experimental deformation of crystalline rocks
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the Coulomb criterion to predict the principal stress direction of deformation in micaceous basements, including biotite and plagioclase.
Journal ArticleDOI
Glide Mechanisms in Experimentally Deformed Minerals.
TL;DR: A method for study of mechanisms of twin and translation gliding in minerals in rocks has been devised by which slip markings produced experimentally on polished surfaces are related to crystallographic planes by universal stage measurements of the crystal orientations.
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