Prevalence of distinct types of hardware failures related to deep brain stimulation.

TLDR: In this paper, the authors investigated studies published between 2017 and 2021 to identify the prevalence of distinct types of hardware failures related to DBS, including high impedance, fracture or failure of the lead or other parts of the implant, skin erosion and infection, lead malposition or migration, and implantable pulse generator (IPG) malfunction.

Abstract: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment of several types of neurological conditions, including Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor, dystonia, and epilepsy. Despite technological progress in the past 10 years, the number of studies reporting side effects of DBS has increased, mainly due to hardware failures. This review investigated studies published between 2017 and 2021 to identify the prevalence of distinct types of hardware failures related to DBS. In total, fifteen studies were selected for the estimate of the prevalence of five distinct types of hardware failures: high impedance, fracture or failure of the lead or other parts of the implant, skin erosion and infection, lead malposition or migration, and implantable pulse generator (IPG) malfunction. The quality evaluation of the studies suggests a need to report results including populations from distinct regions of the world so that results can be generalized. The objective analysis of the prevalence of hardware failures showed that skin erosion and infection presented the highest prevalence in relation to other hardware failures. Despite the sophistication of the surgical technique of DBS over time, there is a considerable complication rate, about 7 per 100 individuals ( $$\mathrm{prevalence}=6.67\%, CI = [2.26\%,12.49\%]$$ , in which CI is the confidence interval). Future research can also include correlation analysis with the aim of understanding the correlation between distinct hardware failures and variables such as gender, type of disorder, and age.