Journal ArticleDOI
Pricing, manufacturing and inventory policies for raw material in a three-level supply chain
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The goal of the paper is to optimise the total cost of the supply chain network by coordinating decision-making policy using Stackelberg–Nash equilibrium and numerical examples are presented.Abstract:
We studied a decentralised three-layer supply chain including a supplier, a producer and some retailers. All the retailers order their demands to the producer and the producer order his demands to the supplier. We assumed that the demand is price sensitive and shortage is not permitted. The goal of the paper is to optimise the total cost of the supply chain network by coordinating decision-making policy using Stackelberg–Nash equilibrium. The decision variables of our model are the supplier's price, the producer's price and the number of shipments received by the supplier and producer, respectively. To illustrate the applicability of the proposed model numerical examples are presented.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Joint optimization of price, replenishment frequency, replenishment cycle and production rate in vendor managed inventory system with deteriorating items
TL;DR: A Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) model for a two-level supply chain comprised of one vendor and several non-competing retailers in which both the raw material and the finished product have different deterioration rates is developed.
Journal ArticleDOI
A closed-loop supply chain considering carbon reduction, quality improvement effort, and return policy under two remanufacturing scenarios
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Pricing and ordering decisions of two competing supply chains with different composite policies: a Stackelberg game-theoretic approach
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider two competing supply chains where both chains launch the same product under different brands to the market by applying different composite coordinating strategies, such as discount, return, refund, buyback, or other coordinating policies to abate the operation costs of the chains.
Journal ArticleDOI
A two-level discount model for coordinating a decentralized supply chain considering stochastic price-sensitive demand
TL;DR: In this paper, a discount model is proposed to coordinate pricing and ordering decisions in a two-echelon supply chain, where demand is stochastic and price sensitive while lead times are fixed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Joint pricing and inventory decisions with carbon emission considerations, partial backordering and planned discounts
TL;DR: Because plants emit greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide), the authors considered mitigation efforts and the rate of demand in the model was assumed proportional to the unit purchasing cost and partial backordering was allowed as a fixed parameter.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Optimal contract strategies for two stage supply chain
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the issue of channel coordination of a manufacturer and a retailer facing stochastic demand that is sensitive to promotional effort and provided an analytical method to determine the optimal contract parameters of the channel.
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Game theoretic pricing and ordering decisions with partial lost sales in two-stage supply chains
TL;DR: In this paper, the optimal pricing and ordering with partial lost sales from a two-stage game theoretic perspective is studied and the optimal solutions for the buyer and the seller are evaluated for both deterministic and stochastic demand models.
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Strategic and Tactical Design of Competing Decentralized Supply Chain Networks with Risk-Averse Participants for Markets with Uncertain Demand
TL;DR: In this article, an integrated equilibrium model for tactical decisions in network design is developed, where the primary assumption is that two chains provide partial substitutable products to the markets, and markets' demands are affected by tactical decisions such as price, service level and advertising expenditure.
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A Generalized Algebraic Model for Optimizing Inventory Decisions in a Centralized or Decentralized Multi-Stage Multi-Firm Supply Chain
TL;DR: In this article, a number of integrated models with/without lot streaming under the integer multiplier coordination mechanism is generalized by allowing lot streaming and three types of inspection for some/all upstream firms.
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Optimal replenishment order for uncertain demand in three layer supply chain
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors study the well-known order quantity model in a three-player context, using a framework of newsboy problem, and formulate an expected average cost function of the chain by trading off inventory cost and shortage costs.