Open AccessBook
Punishment and aversive behavior
About:
The article was published on 1969-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 894 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Aversives & Punishment (psychology).read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
A Neural Substrate of Prediction and Reward
TL;DR: Findings in this work indicate that dopaminergic neurons in the primate whose fluctuating output apparently signals changes or errors in the predictions of future salient and rewarding events can be understood through quantitative theories of adaptive optimizing control.
Journal ArticleDOI
Emotional processing of fear : exposure to corrective information
Edna B. Foa,Michael J. Kozak +1 more
TL;DR: Mechanisms that govern the processing of emotional information, particularly those involved in fear reduction, are proposed and applications to therapeutic practice and to the broader study of psychopathology are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
A model for Pavlovian learning: Variations in the effectiveness of conditioned but not of unconditioned stimuli.
John M. Pearce,Geoffrey Hall +1 more
TL;DR: A new model is proposed that deals with the explanation of cases in which learning does not occur in spite of the fact that the conditioned stimulus is a signal for the reinforcer by specifying that certain procedures cause a conditioned stimulus to lose effectiveness.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Theory of Attention: Variations in the Associability of Stimuli with Reinforcement
TL;DR: Overshadowing and blocking are better explained by the choice of an appropriate rule for changing a, such that a decreases to stimuli that signal no change from the probability of reinforcement predicted by other stimuli.
Journal ArticleDOI
Learned helplessness: Theory and evidence.
TL;DR: The learned helplessness hypothesis is proposed, which argues that when events are uncontrollable the organism learns that its behavior and outcomes are independent, and that this learning produces the motivational, cognitive, and emotional effects of uncontrollabi lity.