Journal ArticleDOI
Rapid associative learning: conditioned bradycardia and its central nervous system substrates.
TLDR
The present review describes research in the laboratory that has focused on conditioned bradycardia as a model system of a rapidly acquired associative system and contrast it with the more slowly acquired Pavlovian conditioned eyeblink response.Abstract:
It has become clear from the study of different response systems during classical conditioning that some responses are acquired quite rapidly and others show a much slower rate of acquisition. The most often studied rapidly acquired responses have been classically conditioned autonomic changes (e.g., heart rate); the slowly acquired responses most often studied are skeletal responses, such as the eyeblink or leg flexion response. Although there are various other differences between rapidly acquired and slowly acquired responses, we have suggested that the most important difference is the possibility that they represent different stages of the learning process. In the present review I describe research in our laboratory that has focused on conditioned bradycardia as a model system of a rapidly acquired associative system and contrast it with the more slowly acquired Pavlovian conditioned eyeblink response. I also describe the generality of conditioned bradycardia and discuss the differential role of subdivisions of the prefrontal cortex as a substrate for mediating this response. Finally, I briefly discuss the other brain areas involved in conditioned bradycardia, and its functional significance as it relates to the learning process.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of ventromedial prefrontal cortex in the recovery of extinguished fear.
TL;DR: The effects of electrolytic vmPFC lesions made before training on the acquisition, extinction, and recovery of conditioned fear responses in a 2 d experiment suggest a role of thevmPFC in consolidation of extinction learning or the recall of contexts in which extinction took place.
Journal ArticleDOI
Both medial prefrontal and amygdala central nucleus lesions abolish heart rate classical conditioning, but only prefrontal lesions impair reversal of eyeblink differential conditioning
TL;DR: The results suggest that mPFC processing of Pavlovian conditioning contingencies affects not only the autonomic component of learning but preservative somatomotor conditioning as well, whereas ACN processing affects only the autonomousic component.
Journal ArticleDOI
Conditioning-specific reflex modification of the rabbit's nictitating membrane response and heart rate: behavioral rules, neural substrates, and potential applications to posttraumatic stress disorder.
TL;DR: CRM may force us to reevaluate the behavioral and neural consequences of classical conditioning and may have important consequences for the treatment of conditions such as posttraumatic stress disorder.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neural activity in the medial geniculate nucleus during auditory trace conditioning
TL;DR: Examination of extracellular activity of single units in the MGN during differential auditory trace conditioning of the rabbit nictitating membrane response suggests that MGN neurons are involved in the maintenance of a sensory memory trace and possibly play a part in CR generation and timing.
Journal ArticleDOI
Conditioning-specific reflex modification of the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) nictitating membrane response: US intensity effects.
TL;DR: The data suggest that CRM is a function of US intensity and have implications for posttraumatic stress disorder, a disorder potentially modeled by CRM.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Nonconscious control of autonomic responses: a role for Pavlovian conditioning?
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine theories and evidence for non-conscious control of emotional processes, including affective discrimination, neurophysiological mechanisms in the control of conditioned emotional responses, and attentional biases in anxiety disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multiple- and Single-Unit Activity in Area 32 (Prelimbic Region) of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex during Pavlovian Heart Rate Conditioning in Rabbits
TL;DR: Findings suggest that some cells in the prelimbic region may code the absence of aversive stimulation, that is, a period of relative "safety" during classical conditioning.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lesions of the substantia nigra retard Pavlovian eye-blink but not heart rate conditioning in the rabbit.
Kuen-teng Kao,Donald A. Powell +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors showed that interruption of the nigro-striatal dopaminergic pathway retards Pavlovian eye-blink conditioning without affecting concurrent autonomic learning.
Journal ArticleDOI
Peripheral autonomic mechanisms and Pavlovian conditioning in the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus).
Bernard A. Albiniak,D. A. Powell +1 more
TL;DR: The conditioning data are consistent with the Laceys' peripheral afferent feedback hypothesis of autonomic-somatic relations and the administration of 6-hydroxydopamine produced an impairment of the HR response early and late during acquisition but had no effect on EB conditioning.
Journal ArticleDOI
Peripheral and central muscarinic cholinergic blockade: Effects on Pavlovian conditioning
TL;DR: The results suggest that, although central muscarinic cholinergic blockade severely interferes with Pavlovian conditioning, peripheral blockade also produces pronounced impairments in both autonomic and somatomotor response systems.