Institution
Ponce Health Sciences University
Education•Ponce, Puerto Rico, United States•
About: Ponce Health Sciences University is a education organization based out in Ponce, Puerto Rico, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Extinction (psychology). The organization has 860 authors who have published 916 publications receiving 40237 citations. The organization is also known as: Ponce School of Medicine & Health Sciences.
Topics: Population, Extinction (psychology), Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Cancer, Endometriosis
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: The 1000 Genomes Project set out to provide a comprehensive description of common human genetic variation by applying whole-genome sequencing to a diverse set of individuals from multiple populations, and has reconstructed the genomes of 2,504 individuals from 26 populations using a combination of low-coverage whole-generation sequencing, deep exome sequencing, and dense microarray genotyping.
Abstract: The 1000 Genomes Project set out to provide a comprehensive description of common human genetic variation by applying whole-genome sequencing to a diverse set of individuals from multiple populations. Here we report completion of the project, having reconstructed the genomes of 2,504 individuals from 26 populations using a combination of low-coverage whole-genome sequencing, deep exome sequencing, and dense microarray genotyping. We characterized a broad spectrum of genetic variation, in total over 88 million variants (84.7 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 3.6 million short insertions/deletions (indels), and 60,000 structural variants), all phased onto high-quality haplotypes. This resource includes >99% of SNP variants with a frequency of >1% for a variety of ancestries. We describe the distribution of genetic variation across the global sample, and discuss the implications for common disease studies.
12,661 citations
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TL;DR: It is suggested that consolidation of extinction learning potentiates infralimbic activity, which inhibits fear during subsequent encounters with fear stimuli, indicating that medial prefrontal cortex might store long-term extinction memory.
Abstract: Conditioned fear responses to a tone previously paired with a shock diminish if the tone is repeatedly presented without the shock, a process known as extinction. Since Pavlov it has been hypothesized that extinction does not erase conditioning, but forms a new memory. Destruction of the ventral medial prefrontal cortex, which consists of infralimbic and prelimbic cortices, blocks recall of fear extinction, indicating that medial prefrontal cortex might store long-term extinction memory. Here we show that infralimbic neurons recorded during fear conditioning and extinction fire to the tone only when rats are recalling extinction on the following day. Rats that froze the least showed the greatest increase in infralimbic tone responses. We also show that conditioned tones paired with brief electrical stimulation of infralimbic cortex elicit low freezing in rats that had not been extinguished. Thus, stimulation resembling extinction-induced infralimbic tone responses is able to simulate extinction memory. We suggest that consolidation of extinction learning potentiates infralimbic activity, which inhibits fear during subsequent encounters with fear stimuli.
1,694 citations
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TL;DR: Recent electrophysiological studies indicating that neurons in the lateral amygdala encode aversive memories during the acquisition and extinction of Pavlovian fear conditioning provide evidence that theateral amygdala is a crucial locus of fear memory.
Abstract: The learning and remembering of fearful events depends on the integrity of the amygdala, but how are fear memories represented in the activity of amygdala neurons? Here, we review recent electrophysiological studies indicating that neurons in the lateral amygdala encode aversive memories during the acquisition and extinction of Pavlovian fear conditioning. Studies that combine unit recording with brain lesions and pharmacological inactivation provide evidence that the lateral amygdala is a crucial locus of fear memory. Extinction of fear memory reduces associative plasticity in the lateral amygdala and involves the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Understanding the signalling of aversive memory by amygdala neurons opens new avenues for research into the neural systems that support fear behaviour.
1,328 citations
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TL;DR: Results support the involvement of the human hippocampus as well as vmPFC in the recall of extinction memory and provide a paradigm for future investigations of fronto-temporal function during extinction recall in psychiatric disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder.
1,049 citations
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TL;DR: The findings support the idea that mPFC gates impulse transmission from the BLA to Ce, perhaps through GABAergic intercalated cells, thereby gating the expression of conditioned fear.
Abstract: In extinction of auditory fear conditioning, rats learn that a tone no longer predicts the occurrence of a footshock. Recent lesion and unit recording studies suggest that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) plays an essential role in the inhibition of conditioned fear following extinction. mPFC has robust projections to the amygdala, a structure that is known to mediate the acquisition and expression of conditioned fear. Fear conditioning potentiates the tone responses of neurons in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), which excite neurons in the central nucleus (Ce) of the amygdala. In turn, the Ce projects to the brainstem and hypothalamic areas that mediate fear responses. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that the mPFC inhibits conditioned fear via feedforward inhibition of Ce output neurons. Recording extracellularly from physiologically identified brainstem-projecting Ce neurons, we tested the effect of mPFC prestimulation on Ce responsiveness to synaptic input. In support of our hypothesis, mPFC prestimulation dramatically reduced the responsiveness of Ce output neurons to inputs from the insular cortex and BLA. Thus, our findings support the idea that mPFC gates impulse transmission from the BLA to Ce, perhaps through GABAergic intercalated cells, thereby gating the expression of conditioned fear.
939 citations
Authors
Showing all 863 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
David E. Anderson | 96 | 523 | 103905 |
Manuel Vázquez | 74 | 1177 | 28189 |
Denis Paré | 73 | 181 | 20930 |
Gregory S. Kopf | 65 | 140 | 13631 |
Gregory J. Quirk | 61 | 118 | 25677 |
Francisco Gonzalez-Lima | 59 | 208 | 10340 |
Mohammed R. Milad | 52 | 135 | 15054 |
Laurinda A. Jaffe | 52 | 106 | 8063 |
Sven O. E. Ebbesson | 43 | 91 | 5222 |
Anil Kumar | 35 | 95 | 2846 |
Daniel T. Halperin | 32 | 63 | 5327 |
León Ferder | 32 | 74 | 3329 |
Pedro F. Escobar | 30 | 98 | 3163 |
Dietrich L. Meyer | 26 | 68 | 1598 |
Harold I. Saavedra | 25 | 42 | 2813 |