Journal ArticleDOI
Ray Theory for Lossy Media
TLDR
In this article, an extension of Fermat's principle, in which the complex phase refractive index is used instead of only the real part, expresses both of these criteria and leads to a corresponding extension of Snell's law or of Haselgrove's equations to calculate the ray path.Abstract:
Standard ray-tracing programs do not calculate satisfactorily the reflection of LF radio waves from the ionosphere because they do not take losses into account. In lossy media, requiring the ray path to have a minimum attenuation in addition to a minimum wave interference gives a more accurate approximation to the full-wave solution. An extension of Fermat's principle, in which the complex phase refractive index is used instead of only the real part, expresses both of these criteria and leads to a corresponding extension of Snell's law or of Haselgrove's equations to calculate the ray path. Although such a path can have complex coordinates, only those with end points in real space are physically significant. An approximation, in which plane waves in the neighborhood of the receiver are assumed, solves the common ray-tracing problem of homing in on the receiver, a problem that is worse for ray tracing in complex space. Applying ray tracing in complex space to a plane wave incident on a plane stratified medium gives a result that agrees exactly with the result obtained by the phase integral method and that agrees satisfactorily with full-wave solutions above 30 kHz for all results shown.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Acoustic‐gravity waves in the upper atmosphere
Kung C. Yeh,Chao H. Liu +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the theory of acoustic-gravity waves, the interaction of such waves with the ionosphere, the experimental support for the existence of acoustic gravity waves in the upper atmosphere, and the role played by acoustic gravity wave in thermospheric dynamics.
Journal ArticleDOI
Application of complex ray tracing to scattering problems
Wei-Yi D. Wang,G.A. Deschamps +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the phase and amplitude of the reflected field are computed and the "phase paths" and "phase fronts" are constructed for the particular problem of scattering of an evanescent plane wave by a conducting circular cylinder.
Journal ArticleDOI
Theory of semiclassical transition probabilities for inelastic and reactive collisions. IV. Classically-inaccessible transitions calculated by integration along complex-valued trajectories
J. R. Stine,Rudolph A. Marcus +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors calculate semiclassical S-matrix elements by numerical integration along complex-valued trajectories, by avoiding (simply) previously reported trajectory divergences.
Book ChapterDOI
I Theory and Applications of Complex Rays
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the theory and applications of complex rays, which are solutions of the ray equations of traditional geometrical optics but correspond to extremals in the six-dimensional complex space.
Journal ArticleDOI
Radio ray tracing in complex space
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used complex space to find the angular diameter of the Ellis window, where the intensity of the received signal is determined partly by attenuation, and partly by convergence or divergence of neighbouring rays.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Geometrical Theory of Diffraction
TL;DR: The mathematical justification of the theory on the basis of electromagnetic theory is described, and the applicability of this theory, or a modification of it, to other branches of physics is explained.
Journal ArticleDOI
Asymptotic high-frequency methods
TL;DR: In this paper, a survey of the literature in which these methods have been employed is presented. And the relationship of these methods to the asymptotic solution of Maxwell's equations is examined.
Journal ArticleDOI
Study of the lower ionosphere using partial reflection: 1. Experimental technique and method of analysis
J. S. Belrose,M. J. Burke +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the amplitude of weak echoes partially reflected from ionization irregularities in the height range 50-100 km are recorded by utilizing two frequencies, 2.66 and 6.27 Mc/s, and recording the amplitudes of both the ordinary and extraordinary component waves.
Journal ArticleDOI
Propagation of Wave-Packets Incident Obliquely upon a Stratified Doubly Refracting Ionosphere
TL;DR: In this paper, a generalization of the magneto-ionic theory for the case of oblique propagation of electromagnetic waves through a slowly varying doubly refracting medium has been proposed.