Realism and America's Rise: A Review Essay

TLDR: In the past few years, some of the most vigorous and interesting debates in international relations theory have emerged among different types of realism as discussed by the authors, and it has become clear that realism is not a single theory, but a family of theories.

Abstract: Real ism is usually regarded as a dominant-and monolithic-approach in the study of international relations. In the past few years, however, some of the most vigorous and interesting debates in international relations theory have emerged among different types of realism. It has become clear that realism is not a single theory, but a family of theories. One of the most significant divides within realism is between offensive realism and defensive realism.* Offensive realists generally argue that the international system fosters conflict and aggression. Security is scarce, making international competition and war likely. Rational states often are compelled to adopt offensive strategies in their search for security.2 Defensive realists, on the other hand, argue that the international system does not