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Proceedings ArticleDOI

Reflectance Pulse Oximetry for Blood Oxygen Saturation Measurement from Diverse Locations-A Preliminary Analysis

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TLDR
The preliminary analysis of beat to beat reflectance PPG signal from finger, forehead, wrist and chest concur well with the reference measurement and gives enough scope to measure SpO2 from various measurement sites like finger, forearm, wrist, chest and chest.
Abstract
Blood oxygen saturation level (SpO 2 ) is a clinically accepted vital sign for patient care and diagnostics. Oximeters are widely used by people suffering from asthma, congestive heart failures and pulmonary disorders as part of their routine care. Transmittance and reflectance pulse oximeters play a pivotal role in patient care and clinical decision making. In this paper, we study the feasibility of using reflectance photo plethysmography (PPG) for SpO 2 monitoring from various measurement sites on body. A preliminary study was conducted in a clinical setting on 10 subjects with pulmonary disorders. Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis was used as a reference measure in the study. An SpO 2 data acquisition platform was developed, which uses custom-made dual wavelength reflectance SpO 2 sensor probes, Nellcor™ transmittance probe for beat to beat SpO 2 measurement. The preliminary analysis of beat to beat reflectance PPG signal from finger, forehead, wrist and chest concur well with the reference measurement and gives enough scope to measure SpO 2 from various measurement sites like finger, forehead, wrist and chest.

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Journal ArticleDOI

A Comparison of Reflective Photoplethysmography for Detection of Heart Rate, Blood Oxygen Saturation, and Respiration Rate at Various Anatomical Locations.

TL;DR: The finger was found to be the best location for measurement of all three parameters at rest; however, no site was identified as capable of measuring all parameters while walking.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

Machine Learning based SpO 2 Computation Using Reflectance Pulse Oximetry

TL;DR: The proposed model overcomes the limitations imposed by the traditional R-value based calibration method through the use of a machine learning model using various time and frequency domain features.
Journal ArticleDOI

Commercial smartwatch with pulse oximeter detects short-time hypoxemia as well as standard medical-grade device: Validation study

TL;DR: Apple Watch Series 6 can reliably detect states of reduced blood oxygen saturation with SpO2 below 90% when compared to a medical-grade pulse oximeter, and the technology used in this smartwatch is sufficiently advanced for the indicative measurement ofSpO2 outside the clinic.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

HealthyLungs: Mobile Applications for Round-the-Clock Remote Monitoring of Lung Function in Patients with COVID-19

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed smartphone applications that allow doctors to continuously observe the main organ of patients, affected by the coronavirus, -the lungs, regardless of their location.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

A Study on the Subject and Location Specificity in Reflectance based SpO 2 Estimation using R-value based Calibration Curve

TL;DR: The analysis carried out shows that the usage of a generic R-value based calibration model for computing SpO2 using reflectance PPG signals from various measurement sites is an erroneous approach.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Absorption spectra of human fetal and adult oxyhemoglobin, de-oxyhemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, and methemoglobin.

TL;DR: The millimolar absorptivities of the four clinically relevant derivatives of fetal and adult human hemoglobin in the visible and near-infrared spectral range (450-1000 nm) were determined, and spectral absorption curves of similar shape were found.
BookDOI

Design of Pulse Oximeters

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a user interface for a pulse oximeter, based on an interface provided by Lozano-Nieto and Schowalter, with a discussion of the application of pulse oximetry.
Journal ArticleDOI

Noninvasive pulse oximetry utilizing skin reflectance photoplethysmography

TL;DR: The results from a series of in vivo studies to evaluate a prototype skin-reflectance pulse oximeter in humans are presented, showing locally heating the skin is shown to increase the pulsatile component of the reflected photoplethysmograms.
Journal ArticleDOI

Effects of skin pigmentation on pulse oximeter accuracy at low saturation

TL;DR: The three tested pulse oximeters overestimated arterial oxygen saturation during hypoxia in dark-skinned individuals, and skin pigment-related differences were significant with Nonin below 70% Sao2, with Novametrix below 90%, and with Nellcor at all ranges.
Journal ArticleDOI

Spectrophotometric monitoring of arterial oxygen saturation in the fingertip

TL;DR: The instrument has been useful in monitoring arterial oxygenation in patients with respiratory failure in the authors' intensive-care unit and the reproducibility was assessed in a healthy subject by measuring the oxygen saturation repeatedly 60 times.
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