Biosensors 

TL;DR: An overview of the most significant aspects of surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and a representative selection of applications in the biomedical field, with direct and indirect protocols is provided.

TL;DR: The review provides a comprehensive overview of biosensors based on highly selective bio-recognition elements such as enzyme, antibody, DNA/RNA and bacteriophage as a new tool for the early identification of crop diseases.

TL;DR: When implanted subcutaneously in anaesthetized rats, sensor responses correlated correctly with blood glucose concentration but presented sensitivity coefficients significantly different to those determined in vitro: a 2 point calibration procedure was found necessary for in vivo experiments.

TL;DR: Electrochemical, optoelectronic and calorimetric approaches to sensing are considered and it is concluded that configurations based either on hydrogen peroxide detection or on mediated electron transfer are most likely to provide a raid route to in vivo monitoring.

TL;DR: This review will critically survey and analyse the current lateral flow-based point-of-care (POC) technologies, which have made a major impact on diagnostic testing in developing countries over the last 50 years and the future of POC technologies including the applications of microfluidics.