Journal ArticleDOI
Reflex motor output to torque pulses in man: identification of short- and long-latency loops with individual feedback parameters.
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The best least-squares fit to the model relating average electromyographic activity to forearm angular position, velocity and acceleration was obtained by assuming separate time delays for each kinematic variable.About:
This article is published in Neuroscience.The article was published on 1979-10-01. It has received 66 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Kinematics & Acceleration.read more
Citations
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What muscle variable(s) does the nervous system control in limb movements
TL;DR: It is concluded that different physical variables can be controlled depending on the type of limb movement required, and the concept of stiffness regulation should probably be extended to the regulation of the visco-elastic properties of a muscle or joint.
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of preparation in tuning anticipatory and reflex responses during catching
TL;DR: It is argued that both the anticipatory and the reflex coactivation are centrally preset in preparation for catching and are instrumental for stabilizing limb posture after impact, demonstrating that anticipatory muscle stiffening and anticipatory flexion of the limb are synergistic in building up resistance of the hand to vertical displacement.
Journal ArticleDOI
Role of the cerebellum in reaching movements in humans. I. Distributed inverse dynamics control
TL;DR: This study proposes a new distributed functional model consistent with behavioural, anatomical and neurophysiological data, which takes into account arm muscles, spinal cord, motor cortex and cerebellum and is consistent with the view that the central nervous system acquires a distributed inverse dynamics model of the arm.
Journal ArticleDOI
Servo Hypotheses for the Biological Control of Movement.
Joseph McIntyre,Emilio Bizzi +1 more
TL;DR: Numerical simulations are presented that verify that a modification of the equilibrium-point models in which the central nervous system controls velocity as well as positions during the course of fast 1imb movements could successfully produce fast limb movements.
Journal ArticleDOI
Quantitative evaluation of the electromyographic responses to multidirectional load perturbations of the human arm
TL;DR: The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the two components have different anatomical substrates and that they have different functional implications for the stabilization of the limb in the face of perturbations.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
An electromyographic analysis of muscular activity in the hindlimb of the cat during unrestrained locomotion.
I. Engberg,A. Lundberg +1 more
TL;DR: During walking in unrestrained cats the electromyographic activity in many hindlimb muscles has been correlated with the angular movement in the hip, knee and ankle joints and it is assumed that the basic activity is a centrally programmed alternating activation of extensors and flexors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Motor responses to sudden limb displacements in primates with specific CNS lesions and in human patients with motor system disorders.
R.G. Lee,W.G. Tatton +1 more
TL;DR: Central feedback pathways for motor control were studied by recording EMG responses to sudden upper limb displacements in humans and monkeys using a precision torque motor to generate step load changes and a tentative model for the basis of Parkinsonian rigidity is proposed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Servo Action in Human Voluntary Movement
TL;DR: Muscular movements are under the control of a servo similar in many ways to those used in engineering control systems but with a subtlety of design not found in man-made servo mechanisms—including an automatic gain compensation for altered load which must be useful for adjusting to reduced g on the Moon.
Journal ArticleDOI
Motor cortex reflexes associated with learned movement.
TL;DR: This finding supports the proposal that neurons of primate motor cortex may function in a transcortical servo-loop.
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Improvement in linearity and regulation of stiffness that results from actions of stretch reflex.
T. R. Nichols,James C. Houk +1 more