Risk factors for hamstring muscle strain injury in sport: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Grant Freckleton,Tania Pizzari +1 more
TLDR
The aim of the current review was to assemble all available knowledge and data to identify the intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors associated with hamstring muscle strain-type injuries.Abstract:
Hamstring muscle strain-type injuries are common in sports that involve sprinting,1 acceleration, deceleration, rapid change in direction and jumping.2 ,3 Occurring in both recreational and professional sports, these injuries can result in substantial time lost from sport and commonly recur.4 ,5
In the Australian Football League (AFL), hamstring muscle strain-type injuries have displayed a high incidence rate, with a 10 year mean of 6.1 new injuries per club each year and a 23% average recurrence rate.6 A recurrence rate of 17% has been reported in elite soccer players7 with hamstring injuries also recorded as the most common injury accounting for 12% of all injuries and resulting in an average of four missed games per injury.8
The high incidence of hamstring muscle strain-type injuries and potential associated costs has resulted in a substantial amount of research into the factors related to such injuries. Two recent systematic reviews have been completed in an attempt to collate the evidence around risk factors for hamstring injuries.9 ,10 Both reviews identified hamstring muscle weakness and thigh muscle imbalance, muscle flexibility, previous hamstring injury, other previous injury and age as potential risk factors; however, these reviews concluded that single variables were inconsistently identified as associated factors. Both reviews provided a qualitative synthesis of the literature and included risk factor studies as well as intervention studies, where a potential risk factor was modified with a training programme. The inclusion of intervention studies may potentially complicate risk factor analyses, as such studies assume that the factor being modified is associated with the injury and that the factor can be modified by the treatment programme.
The aim of the current review was to assemble all available knowledge and data to identify the intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors associated with …read more
Citations
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Complex systems approach for sports injuries: moving from risk factor identification to injury pattern recognition—narrative review and new concept
Natália Franco Netto Bittencourt,W. H. Meeuwisse,Luciana De Michelis Mendonça,A. Nettel-Aguirre,Juliana M. Ocarino,Sérgio T. Fonseca +5 more
TL;DR: The aim of this conceptual paper was to propose a complex system model for sports injuries and to demonstrate how the implementation of complex system thinking may allow us to better address the complex nature of the sports injuries aetiology.
Journal ArticleDOI
Why screening tests to predict injury do not work—and probably never will…: a critical review
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that to validate a screening test to predict and prevent sports injuries, at least 3 steps are needed and an intervention programme targeting athletes identified as being at high risk through a screening programme is more beneficial than the same intervention programme given to all athletes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Short biceps femoris fascicles and eccentric knee flexor weakness increase the risk of hamstring injury in elite football (soccer): a prospective cohort study
Ryan G. Timmins,Matthew N. Bourne,Anthony J. Shield,Morgan D. Williams,Christian Lorenzen,David A. Opar +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the role of eccentric knee flexor strength, between-limb imbalance and biceps femoris long head (BFlh) fascicle length on the risk of a future hamstring strain injury (HSI) was investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Has the athlete trained enough to return to play safely? The acute:chronic workload ratio permits clinicians to quantify a player's risk of subsequent injury
Peter Blanch,Tim J. Gabbett +1 more
TL;DR: Assessment of the acute:chronic workload ratio should be included in the return to play decision-making process, because it is possible to quantify the loads the authors are expecting athletes to endure when returning to sport.
Journal ArticleDOI
The preventive effect of the nordic hamstring exercise on hamstring injuries in amateur soccer players: a randomized controlled trial
TL;DR: Investigating the preventive effect of the NHE on the incidence and severity of hamstring injuries in male amateur soccer players found it does not reduce hamstring injury severity, but it significantly reduces hamstring injury incidence.
References
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Book
Users' Guides to the Medical Literature
Gordon H. Guyatt,Drummond Rennie +1 more
TL;DR: Without a way of critically appraising the information they receive, clinicians are relatively helpless in deciding what new information to learn and decide how to modify their practice.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Handbook of Research Synthesis
TL;DR: Meta- analysis, as the statistical analysis of a large collection of results from individual studies is called, has now achieved a status of respectability in medicine.