Journal ArticleDOI
Root causes of underperforming urban waste services in developing countries: Designing a diagnostic tool, based on literature review and qualitative system dynamics
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In this paper , a qualitative System Dynamics model of the urban system was designed to find the root causes and leverage points for interventions in waste management problems in developing countries, and a new taxonomy was proposed to classify cities with regard to the effect and delay in their urban processes.Abstract:
Cities in developing countries struggle with providing good waste collection services to all their citizens. Daily practice mostly shows low service coverage, especially in the poorer parts of cities. Up until now, research has mainly dealt with the symptoms of poor performance. This article aims at designing a qualitative System Dynamics model of the urban system that may serve as a diagnostic tool to find the root causes and leverage points for interventions. The research presented here uses a broad literature review to draw up a complex causal loop diagram describing all relevant urban variables (demographic, economic, social, financial, technical and governance-related) and their relations. The diagram is analysed using qualitative methods, partly derived from graph theory. It results in an evaluation of all variables, paths, loops and branches of the model, and finally in a simplified model. This simplified model is helpful in diagnosing waste management problems in cities, in formulating interventions and their points of leverage and even in formulating a new taxonomy that classifies cities with regard to the effect and delay in their urban processes. When it comes to interventions, the model suggests that the root cause is in populations growing faster than their economies, and that the enabling circumstances are mainly in poor governance practices that are unable to secure that tax incomes keep pace with needed budgets for sound services.read more
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Modeling the Impact of Fees and Circular Economy Options on the Financial Sustainability of the Solid Waste Management System in Jordan
TL;DR: In this article , a system dynamic modeling (SDM) was carried out for the two largest municipalities in the country, namely, Greater Amman Municipality (GAM) and Greater Irbid Municipality(GIM) to assess the impacts of the proposed policies by the NSWMS on the financial sustainability, and the simulation revealed that during the midterm period (2022-2026), the cost recovery will be increased from 54% to 82.5% in GAM, while in GIM it will be raised from 45% to 70%.
References
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Business Dynamics—Systems Thinking and Modeling for a Complex World
TL;DR: This book is most obviously relevant to practitioners who already have some experience of multiagency facilitation, but might also serve as an introduction to working in this arena, if carefully supplemented with further reading and exploration of the topics it covers.
Book
What a Waste 2.0: A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050
TL;DR: The What a Waste 20: A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050 as discussed by the authors aggregates extensive solid waste data at the national and urban levels and provides information on waste management costs, revenues, and tariffs; special wastes; regulations; public communication; administrative and operational models; and the informal sector
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Modelling municipal solid waste generation: a review.
TL;DR: The objective of this paper is to review previously published models of municipal solid waste generation and to propose an implementation guideline which will provide a compromise between information gain and cost-efficient model development.
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Cities and development
TL;DR: This paper starts with a “primer” on what the authors know about the conceptual and empirical links between development and urbanization, and investigates the evolution of spatial income inequality under massive rural-urban migration.
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Variation in Institutional Strength
TL;DR: The authors disaggregates the concept of institutional strength into two dimensions, enforcement and stability, and argues that institutions vary widely on both dimensions, and examines the sources of this variation and its implications for comparative research.