Serological Diagnosis of Human Melioidosis with Indirect Hemagglutination and Complement Fixation Tests
TLDR
The IHA test had excellent specificity when evaluated with normal human sera and diverse antimicrobial sera from hyperimmunized rabbits and human patients and the CF antigen appeared to contain common antigens with some but not all types of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Abstract:Â
An indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test and a complement fixation (CF) test were evaluated from test results on sera from 212 human melioidosis patients of which 119 were culturally proved cases. Significant antibody titers (IHA titers of 1:40 or greater and CF titers of 1:4 or greater) were demonstrated with either test in all except five patients. IHA and CF titers ranged as high as 1:20,480 and 1:1,024, respectively. Antibodies were usually demonstrated by both tests 1 week after onset of disease. Transient seronegative reactions during the course of disease were seen in sera of approximately 19% of the patients with either IHA and CF but rarely with both tests. High titers in either test were obtained by the third week of disease and reached maximum levels in 4 to 5 months. Titers usually were detectable for 9 or more months. Antibodies were detected by IHA and CF tests in 80 to 100% of the sera obtained at various time intervals from 9 months to 2 or more years after disease onset. Antibody persistence occurred in patients who had a short disease course, as well as in patients with prolonged, complicated infections. The IHA test had excellent specificity when evaluated with normal human sera and diverse antimicrobial sera from hyperimmunized rabbits and human patients. The CF antigen appeared to contain common antigens with some but not all types of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The specificity of the CF antigen could be enhanced without appreciable effect on its sensitivity by use of a titer of 1:8 in lieu of 1:4 as a criterion for a significant reaction. Either test could be used advantageously for the laboratory diagnosis of melioidosis.read more
Citations
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Melioidosis: A Major Cause of Community-Acquired Septicemia in Northeastern Thailand
Wipada Chaowagul,Nicholas J. White,David A. B. Dance,Yupaporn Wattanagoon,Pimjai Naigowit,Timothy M. E. Davis,Sornchai Looareesuwan,Nirun Pitakwatchara +7 more
TL;DR: In a prospective study of all patients with Pseudomonas pseudomallei infections admitted to a large provincial hospital in northeastern Thailand, 63 cases of septicemic melioidosis and 206 patients with other community-acquired septicemias were documented during a 1-y period as mentioned in this paper.
Melioidosis: A Major Cause of Community-Acquired Septicemia in
Northeastern Thailand,Wipada Chaowagul,Nicholas J. White,David A. B. Dance,Yupaporn Wattanagoon,Pimjai Naigowit,Timothy M. E. Davis,Sornchai Looareesuwan,Nirun Pitakwatchara +8 more
TL;DR: Septicemic melioidosis presented mainly in the rainy season, occurred predominantly in rice farmers or their families, and was significantly associated with preexisting diabetes mellitus or renal failure, and the mortality was high.
Journal ArticleDOI
Halving of mortality of severe melioidosis by ceftazidime
Nicholas J. White,Wipada Chaowagul,V. Wuthiekanun,David A. B. Dance,David A. B. Dance,Yupaporn Wattanagoon,Nirun Pitakwatchara +6 more
TL;DR: Ceftazidime treatment was associated with a 50% (95% CI 19-81%) lower overall mortality than conventional treatment and should now become the treatment of choice for severe melioidosis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Glanders: an overview of infection in humans
TL;DR: A literature review of human glanders is presented in which it is discussed the clinical epidemiology and risk factors, potential routes of exposure, symptoms, the incubation period, and specific diagnostics, and a clinical definition of human pulmonary glanders infection is proposed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human-to-human Transmission of Pseudomonas Pseudomallei
Joseph B. McCormick,Daniel J. Sexton,James G. McMURRAY,Elizabeth Carey,Peggy S. Hayes,Roger A. Feldman +5 more
TL;DR: This occurrence of venereal transmission is the first report of person-to-person spread of P. pseudomallei infection in American citizens, and a Vietnam veteran from Mississippi developing chronic prostatitis during service in Vietnam was isolated from prostatic secretions.
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Journal ArticleDOI
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