Journal ArticleDOI
Single-Phase Wax Deposition Experiments
Rainer Hoffmann,Lene Amundsen +1 more
TLDR
In this paper, a reliable and accurate procedure for determination of wax thickness and wax roughness from pressure drop, weight, and laser measurements has been developed, which was not captured by the traditional pressure drop and weighing methods.Abstract:
The behavior of waxy crude oils in subsea production lines has been successfully investigated in a 2 in. deposition flow loop. A North Sea waxy gas condensate was used to investigate wax deposition in turbulent single-phase flow under different temperature and flow conditions. A reliable and accurate procedure for determination of wax thickness and wax roughness from pressure drop, weight, and laser measurements has been developed. The laser technique is a new and promising method to measure the spatial distribution of wax thickness, which was not captured by the traditional pressure drop and weighing methods. These experiments have led to an increased understanding of the mechanisms of wax deposition, which is needed to develop more-accurate models based on physical effects. These models are then the basis for a more accurate prediction of the rate of wax deposition in production lines. The main finding is that molecular diffusion is indeed the central mechanism that steers wax deposition but that an acc...read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Flow start-up and transportation of waxy crude oil in pipelines-A review
TL;DR: In this article, a review of previous researches on the behavior of waxy crude oil in Newtonian and non-Newtonian regions is presented, and different mechanisms used to ease restarting of gelled crude oil at offshore fields are highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Effect of Operating Temperatures on Wax Deposition
TL;DR: In this paper, a deposition model called the Michigan Wax Predictor (MWP) was used to establish criteria as to whether the rate of wax deposition increases or decreases as the oil/coolant temperature is changed in a series of flow-loop experiments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Counterintuitive effects of the oil flow rate on wax deposition
TL;DR: In this paper, the Michigan Wax Predictor (MWP) was applied to elucidate this trend by analyzing the growth rate of the wax deposit in a series of flowloop experiments from first principles.
Journal ArticleDOI
Review of Paraffin Deposition Research under Multiphase Flow Conditions
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the state-of-the-art in multiphase paraffin deposition models is presented, where the authors consider the flow pattern effects rigorously.
Journal ArticleDOI
Wax Deposition Modeling with Considerations of Non-Newtonian Characteristics: Application on Field-Scale Pipeline
TL;DR: An enhanced wax deposition model considering the non-Newtonian characteristics of waxy oil using the law of the wall method was developed and applied to predict wax deposition rates in a field-scale pipeline as mentioned in this paper.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Mass Transfer (Absorption) Coefficients Prediction from Data on Heat Transfer and Fluid Friction
Thomas H. Chilton,A. P. Colburn +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Formation and Aging of Incipient Thin Film Wax-Oil Gels
TL;DR: A fundamental study of the deposition and aging of a thin incipient wax-oil gel that is formed during the flow of waxy oils in cooled pipes was performed in this article.
Journal ArticleDOI
Studies of Wax Deposition in the Trans Alaska Pipeline
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated mechanisms of wax deposition and determined the expected nature and thickness of deposits in the pipeline as a function of time and distance, and found that deposition during start-up is a consequence of three separate mechanisms which transport both dissolved and precipitated waxy residue laterally.
Journal ArticleDOI
Morphological evolution of thick wax deposits during aging
TL;DR: In this article, a mathematical model was proposed to predict the radial variation of the morphology of the wax deposit observed in the laboratory flow loop experiments along with the deposit thickness as a function of time.