Journal ArticleDOI
Snake Venomics of the Lancehead Pitviper Bothrops asper: Geographic, Individual, and Ontogenetic Variations
Alberto Alape-Girón,Libia Sanz,José Escolano,Marietta Flores-Díaz,Marvin Madrigal,Mahmood Sasa,Juan J. Calvete +6 more
TLDR
This study represents the first detailed characterization of individual and ontogenetic venom protein profile variations in two geographical isolated B. asper populations, and highlights the necessity of using pooled venoms as a statistically representative venom for antivenom production.Abstract:
We report the comparative proteomic characterization of the venoms of adult and newborn specimens of the lancehead pitviper Bothrops asper from two geographically isolated populations from the Caribbean and the Pacific versants of Costa Rica. The crude venoms were fractionated by reverse-phase HPLC, followed by analysis of each chromatographic fraction by SDS-PAGE, N-terminal sequencing, MALDI-TOF mass fingerprinting, and collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry of tryptic peptides. The two B. asper populations, separated since the late Miocene or early Pliocene (8−5 mya) by the Guanacaste Mountain Range, Central Mountain Range, and Talamanca Mountain Range, contain both identical and different (iso)enzymes from the PLA2, serine proteinase, and SVMP families. Using a similarity coefficient, we estimate that the similarity of venom proteins between the two B. asper populations may be around 52%. Compositional differences between venoms among different geographic regions may be due to evoluti...read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Venoms, venomics, antivenomics
TL;DR: Proteomic protocols for uncoiling the composition, immunological profile, and evolution of snake venoms are reviewed to gain a deep insight of all viperid venom proteomes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Snake venom metalloproteinases.
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the multiple activities of the SVMPs, which have fibrin(ogen)olytic activity, act as prothrombin activators, activate blood coagulation factor X, possess apoptotic activity, inhibit platelet aggregation, are pro-inflammatory and inactivate blood serine proteinase inhibitors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Snake Venomics of the Central American Rattlesnake Crotalus simus and the South American Crotalus durissus Complex Points to Neurotoxicity as an Adaptive Paedomorphic Trend along Crotalus Dispersal in South America
Juan J. Calvete,Libia Sanz,Pedro Cid,Pilar de la Torre,Marietta Flores-Díaz,M Cristina Dos Santos,Adolfo Borges,Adolfo Bremo,Yamileth Angulo,Bruno Lomonte,Alberto Alape-Girón,José María Gutiérrez +11 more
TL;DR: The increased concentration of the neurotoxins crotoxin and crotamine in South American rattlesnake venoms strongly argues that the gain of neurotoxicity and lethal venom activities to mammals may have represented the key axis along which overall venom toxicity has evolved during Crotalus durissus invasion of South America.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ending the drought: New strategies for improving the flow of affordable, effective antivenoms in Asia and Africa
David J. Williams,José María Gutiérrez,Juan J. Calvete,Wolfgang Wüster,Kavi Ratanabanangkoon,Owen Paiva,Owen Paiva,Nicholas Brown,Nicholas R. Casewell,Robert A. Harrison,Paul D. Rowley,Mark O’Shea,S. Jensen,S. Jensen,Kenneth D. Winkel,David A. Warrell,David A. Warrell +16 more
TL;DR: Two mechanisms through which the Global Snakebite Initiative might seek to end the antivenom drought in Africa and Asia are proposed: first by establishing a multidisciplinary, multicentre, international collaboration to evaluate currently available antivenoms against the venoms of medically important snakes from specific nations in Asia using a combination of proteomic, antivenomic and WHO-endorsed preclinical assessment protocols, to provide a validated evidence base for either recommending or rejecting individual products.
Journal ArticleDOI
Snake venomics and antivenomics : Proteomic tools in the design and control of antivenoms for the treatment of snakebite envenoming
José María Gutiérrez,Bruno Lomonte,Guillermo León,Alberto Alape-Girón,Marietta Flores-Díaz,Libia Sanz,Yamileth Angulo,Juan J. Calvete +7 more
TL;DR: Several aspects of antivenom manufacture and control are discussed in which the proteomic analysis of snake venoms, for which the term 'snake venomics' has been coined, might play a relevant supporting role.
References
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