Socio demography of mental retardation: A community-based study from a goitre zone in rural sub-Himalayan India
Shailja Sharma,Sunil Kumar Raina,Ashok Kumar Bhardwaj,Sanjeev Chaudhary,Vipasha Kashyap,Vishav Chander +5 more
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Prevalence of mental retardation is high in district Kangra of Himachal Pradesh in comparison to other states of India where institutional deliveries are about 70%.Abstract:
Introduction: Mental retardation is one of the most common disabilities of childhood which can be prevented by timely identification of the causative agent and an adequate management accordingly. District Kangra lies in the sub-Himalayan belt and forms a part of the 2400 km long goitre belt along the southern slopes of the Himalayas. Objective: To study the prevalence of mental retardation among children (1-10) years of age. Materials and Methods: A two-phase cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural area of district Kangra. A 30-cluster sampling technique was used to screen a population of children 1-10 years of age from five randomly selected panchayats (village government units) of district Kangra. The screening was based on a modified version of the ten questions screen, adapted to the local population. In the first phase a door to door survey was done to identify suspects of mental retardation. In the second phase, the children found positive in the first phase were called for examination by the pediatrician to confirm mental retardation. Results: A total of 2420 children were screened in the first phase of which 95 tested positive. About 52 of these children were found to be mentally retarded in the second phase giving a prevalence of 2.15%. The 69% of these children belonged to the lower middle class and 28.3% belonged to middle class families using the Uday Parekh scale for assessment of the socio-economic status. Conclusion: Prevalence of mental retardation is high in district Kangra of Himachal Pradesh in comparison to other states of India. This could be attributed to the good primary health care in Himachal Pradesh where institutional deliveries are about 70%. This may have led to better survival of children with congenital disorders and those that suffer perinatal trauma.read more
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Risk Factors Associated with Severity of Nongenetic Intellectual Disability (Mental Retardation) among Children Aged 2-18 Years Attending Kenyatta National Hospital.
TL;DR: Perinatal complications as well as postnatal insults are associated with increased risk of developing severe-profound intellectual disability, implying that this occurrence may be reduced with appropriate antenatal, perinatal, and neonatal healthcare interventions.
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Prevalence of mental retardation in urban and rural populations of the goiter zone in Northwest India
Shailja Sharma,Sunil Kumar Raina,Ashok Kumar Bhardwaj,Sanjeev Chaudhary,Vipasha Kashyap,Vishav Chander +5 more
TL;DR: The study concludes with the hypothesis that the prevalence of mental retardation is differentially distributed geographically with socioeconomic factors being important predictors.
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Malnutrition as a cause of mental retardation: A population-based study from Sub-Himalayan India.
Sunil Kumar Raina,Shailja Sharma,Ashok Kumar Bhardwaj,Mitasha Singh,Sanjeev Chaudhary,Vipasha Kashyap +5 more
TL;DR: Malnutrition may be one of the causes but certainly not the only cause of mental retardation, and other causes may be contributing more significantly toward it.
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Nonpharmacological Compensation of Aggressive Behavior of Individuals with Moderate Intellectual Disability and Behavioral Disorders—A Case Study
TL;DR: The article discusses issues associated with the manifestations of aggressive behavior in an individual diagnosed with moderate intellectual disability and behavioral disorders, followed by a recommendation to limit the legal capacity of the client and his placement in a residential care home.
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Prevalence of four developmental disabilities among children aged 8 years--Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Surveillance Program, 1996 and 2000.
TL;DR: The prevalence of these four select developmental disabilities in MaddSP was higher in 1996 than the annual average prevalence estimates for these disabilities during previous MADDSP study years; the highest increase was observed among children with mental retardation; however, prevalence estimates during 2000 were more consistent with the estimates from the early 1990s.
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