Software maintenance management: changes in the last decade

TLDR: One of the important, but somewhat disturbing, conclusions is that maintenance problems are pretty much the same as during the 1970s (except for minor changes), despite advances made in structured methodologies and techniques.

Abstract: Compared to a decade ago, when the first comprehensive study was done in software maintenance, many changes have occurred in the practice of system development. Longitudinal data were obtained by using the same survey instrument, updated to reflect current practices, and sampling the same population. Comparing the current with 1977 results has helped to identify the persistent problems and issues as well as the emerging problems and issues. One of the important, but somewhat disturbing, conclusions is that maintenance problems are pretty much the same as during the 1970s (except for minor changes), despite advances made in structured methodologies and techniques. In terms of specific problems, personnel problems of maintenance programmers, i.e. turnover and availability, and programmer effectiveness problems, i.e. skills, motivation and productivity, have shown a rise, while problems associated with users' knowledge of computer systems have declined.