Journal ArticleDOI
Solidification cracking in austenitic stainless steel welds
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TLDR
In this paper, the WRC-92 diagram is used as a general guide to maintain a desirable solidification mode during welding, which is a significant problem during the welding of austenitic stainless steels.Abstract:
Solidification cracking is a significant problem during the welding of austenitic stainless steels, particularly in fully austenitic and stabilized compositions. Hot cracking in stainless steel welds is caused by low-melting eutectics containing impurities such as S, P and alloy elements such as Ti, Nb. The WRC-92 diagram can be used as a general guide to maintain a desirable solidification mode during welding. Nitrogen has complex effects on weld-metal microstructure and cracking. In stabilized stainless steels, Ti and Nb react with S, N and C to form low-melting eutectics. Nitrogen picked up during welding significantly enhances cracking, which is reduced by minimizing the ratio of Ti or Nb to that of C and N present. The metallurgical propensity to solidification cracking is determined by elemental segregation, which manifests itself as a brittleness temperature range or BTR, that can be determined using the varestraint test. Total crack length (TCL), used extensively in hot cracking assessment, exhibits greater variability due to extraneous factors as compared to BTR. In austenitic stainless steels, segregation plays an overwhelming role in determining cracking susceptibility.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Joining of Inconel 718 and 316 Stainless Steel using electron beam melting additive manufacturing technology
Alejandro Hinojos,Jorge Mireles,Ashley Reichardt,Pedro Frigola,Peter Hosemann,Lawrence E Murr,Ryan B. Wicker +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the feasibility of joining Inconel 718 with 316L Stainless Steel, and vice versa, by utilizing electron beam melting (EBM) additive manufacturing, a class of powder bed fusion technology.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fatigue and fracture behaviour of laser powder bed fusion stainless steel 316L: Influence of processing parameters
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that porosity does not impinge on the high cycle fatigue properties when processing is kept within a ±30% tolerance band, and regardless of the processing condition, fatigue resistance follows a direct linear relationship with ductility and tensile strength in the low and high stress fatigue regimes respectively.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cracking behavior and mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steel parts produced by laser metal deposition
TL;DR: The microstructure consists of fine columnar dendrites, which coarsen as a function of height along the building direction, accompanied by a decrease in hardness as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Drastic improvement in mechanical properties and weldability of 316L stainless steel weld joints by using electromagnetic vibration during GTAW process
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of applying electromagnetic vibration during welding on the microstructural transformations, mechanical properties, and hot-cracking susceptibility in 316L stainless steel welding joints have been investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cold cracking tests—an overview of present technologies and applications
TL;DR: More than 140 hot cracking test procedures have been developed for determining the hot cracking resistance as mentioned in this paper and they are divided in self-restraint and externally loaded hot cracking tests with diverse process variants.
References
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Book
Fundamentals of Solidification
W. Kurz,D. J. Fisher +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, Atom Transfer at the Solid/Liquid Interface Morphological Instability of a Solid/ Liquid Interface Solidification Microstructure: Cells and Dendrites SolidificationMicrostructure, Eutectic and Peritectic Solute Redistribution Rapid Solidization Microstructures Summary Appendices Symbols Index
Book
Welding Metallurgy of Stainless Steels
TL;DR: In this article, the importance of the Constitution diagram for the understanding of Welding Phenomena is discussed, and a detailed description of the Welding and post-weld surface treatment of Fabrications and Welded Components made from Austenitic Stainless Steels is given.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microstructural development and solidification cracking susceptibility of austenitic stainless steel welds
J. A. Brooks,A. W. Thompson +1 more
TL;DR: The microstructures of austenitic stainless steel welds typically contain a variety of complex austenite-ferrite structures and this behavior is related to solidification cracking susceptibility as discussed by the authors.