Journal ArticleDOI
Stable behavioral inhibition and its association with anxiety disorder.
Dina R. Hirshfeld,Jerrold F. Rosenbaum,Joseph Biederman,Elizabeth A. Bolduc,Stephen V. Faraone,Nancy Snidman,J. Steven Reznick,Jerome Kagan +7 more
TLDR
Psychopathology was assessed in children from a nonclinical sample originally identified as behaviorally inhibited or uninhibited at 21 months and followed through 7 1/2 years, suggesting that the association between behavioral inhibition and anxiety disorder is accounted for by children who have stable behavioral inhibition.Abstract:
"Behavioral inhibition to the unfamiliar" is a temperamental construct reflecting the tendency to be shy, timid, and constrained in novel situations. Previous work has suggested that it may be associated with anxiety disorders in children. Psychopathology was assessed in children from a nonclinical sample originally identified as behaviorally inhibited or uninhibited at 21 months and followed through 7 1/2 years. Children who remained inhibited at 4, 5 1/2 and 7 1/2 years (Stable Inhibited) had higher rates of anxiety disorders than children who were not consistently inhibited. Their parents had higher rates of multiple childhood anxiety disorders and of continuing anxiety disorder. These results suggest that the association between behavioral inhibition and anxiety disorder is accounted for by children who have stable behavioral inhibition.read more
Citations
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Common emotional and behavioral disorders in preschool children: presentation, nosology, and epidemiology.
Helen L. Egger,Adrian Angold +1 more
TL;DR: Evidence now shows quite convincingly that the rates of the common child psychiatric disorders and the patterns of comorbidity among them in preschoolers are similar to those seen in later childhood.
Journal ArticleDOI
The development of anxiety: The role of control in the early environment.
TL;DR: Findings in the area of anxiety and depression, helplessness, locus of control, explanatory style, animal learning, biology, parenting, attachment theory, and childhood stress and resilience are reviewed to articulate a model of the environmental influences on the development of anxiety.
Journal ArticleDOI
Anger Is an Approach-Related Affect: Evidence and Implications.
TL;DR: The authors review a range of evidence concerning the motivational underpinnings of anger as an affect, with particular reference to the relationship between anger and anxiety or fear, to support the view that anger relates to an appetitive or approach motivational system, whereas anxiety relates to aversive or avoidance motivational system.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adolescent onset of the gender difference in lifetime rates of major depression: a theoretical model.
TL;DR: This work discusses the social and hormonal mechanisms that stimulate affiliative needs for females at puberty and describes how heightened affiliative need can interact with adolescent transition difficulties to create a depressogenic diathesis as at-risk females reach puberty.
Journal ArticleDOI
Social withdrawal in childhood
TL;DR: The goals of the current review are to provide some definitional, theoretical, and methodological clarity to the complex array of terms and constructs previously employed in the study of social withdrawal, and present a developmental framework describing pathways to and from social withdrawal in childhood.
References
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A Controlled Study
TL;DR: I feel let down by the overstatement and it does not seem cricket to whet the reader's appetite by including in the title the come-on phrase "controlled study" when the method used is not really rigidly controlled.
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Biological bases of childhood shyness.
TL;DR: The group differences in peripheral physiological reactions suggest that inherited variation in the threshold of arousal in selected limbic sites may contribute to shyness in childhood and even extreme degrees of social avoidance in adults.
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The Physiology and Psychology of Behavioral Inhibition in Children.
TL;DR: Longitudinal study of 2 cohorts of children selected in the second or third year of life to be extremely cautious and shy (inhibited) or fearless and outgoing (uninhibited) to unfamiliar events revealed preservation of these 2 behavioral qualities through the sixth year oflife.