Susceptibilities of penicillin-susceptible and -resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae to RP 59500, vancomycin, erythromycin, PD 131628, sparfloxacin, temafloxacin, win 57273, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin.
TLDR
All four experimental quinolones as well as RP 59500 show promise for therapy of infections with penicillin-resistant and -susceptible pneumococci.Abstract:
The MICs of four new quinolones, sparfloxacin (AT-4140, CI-978), PD 131628 (the active form of the prodrug CI-990), temafloxacin, and Win 57273, compared with those of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin were tested against 53 penicillin-susceptible, 35 penicillin intermediate-resistant, and 51 penicillin-resistant pneumococci. Susceptibility to RP 59500, a new streptogramin, was also tested and compared with those to the quinolones, erythromycin, and vancomycin. All MICs were determined by a standardized agar dilution method by using Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with sheep blood. Quinolone, vancomycin, and RP 59500 susceptibilities were not affected by susceptibility or resistance to penicillin. For Win 57273, the MICs for 50% (MIC50) and 90% (MIC90) of strains tested were 0.015 and 0.03 micrograms/ml, respectively. MIC50S of both sparfloxacin and PD 131628 were 0.25 micrograms/ml, and MIC90S were 0.5 micrograms/ml. The MIC50 of temafloxacin was 0.5 micrograms/ml, and the MIC90 was 1.0 micrograms/ml. By comparison, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin both yielded MIC50S of 1.0 micrograms/ml and MIC90s of 2.0 micrograms/ml. RP 59500 yielded an MIC50 of 0.5 microgram/ml and an MIC90 of 1.0 microgram/ml and was only 1 doubling dilution less active against 17 erythromycin-resistant strains. Vancomycin was active against all strains (MIC50, 0.25 microgram/ml; MIC90, 0.5 microgram/ml). All four experimental quinolones as well as RP 59500 show promise for therapy of infections with penicillin-resistant and -susceptible pneumococci.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Management of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae
TL;DR: Recently, resistance to and clinical failure of the extended-spectrum cephalosporins ceftriaxone and cefotaxime in the treatment of pneumococcal meningitis have been noted in Spain and the United States.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae recovered from outpatients in the United States during the winter months of 1994 to 1995: results of a 30-center national surveillance study.
TL;DR: In general, intermediate and high-level penicillin resistance was most common with isolates of S. pneumoniae recovered from pediatric patients, and resistance percentages among the cephalosporins, macrolides, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were consistently higher amongPenicillin-intermediate strains than among susceptible isolates and even higher still among organisms expressing high- level penicillus resistance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antibiotics in otitis media.
William A. Craig,David R. Andes +1 more
TL;DR: The pharmacology of antimicrobial chemotherapy can be divided into two components: pharmacokinetics and pharmacology, which deals with the absorption, distribution and elimination of antimicrobials.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ciprofloxacin. An updated review of its pharmacology, therapeutic efficacy and tolerability.
TL;DR: Ciprofloxacin has retained its excellent activity against most Gram-negative bacteria, and fulfilled its potential as an important antibacterial drug in the treatment of a wide range of infections.
Journal ArticleDOI
Susceptibilities of penicillin- and erythromycin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci to HMR 3647 (RU 66647), a new ketolide, compared with susceptibilities to 17 other agents.
TL;DR: HMR 3647 had the best kill kinetics of all macrolides tested against 11 erythromycin-susceptible and -resistant strains, with uniform bactericidal activity.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Pneumococcal resistance to antibiotics.
TL;DR: The geographic distribution of pneumococci resistant to one or more of the antibiotics penicillin, erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline appears to be expanding, and there exist foci of resistance to chloramphenicol and rifampin.
Journal ArticleDOI
The fluoroquinolones: structures, mechanisms of action and resistance, and spectra of activity in vitro.
John S. Wolfson,David C. Hooper +1 more
TL;DR: The status of these agents as revealed in the published English literature is reviewed in a two-part minireview, considering the structures, mechanisms of action and resistance, and spectra of activity of the six aforementioned fluoroquinolones with reference to nalidixic and oxolonic acids.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents.
David C. Hooper,John S. Wolfson +1 more
TL;DR: The fluoroquinolones offer an efficacious, well-tolerated, and cost-effective alternative to parenteral therapies of selected infections and show promise for therapy of prostatitis, respiratory tract infections, osteomyelitis, and cutaneous infections.
Journal ArticleDOI
The fluoroquinolones: pharmacology, clinical uses, and toxicities in humans.
D C Hooper,J S Wolfson +1 more
TL;DR: The published English literature on the pharmacology, proved and potential clinical uses, and toxicities of the fluoroquinolones in humans is discussed in the second part of the minireview.
Journal ArticleDOI
World-wide development of antibiotic resistance in pneumococci.
TL;DR: Pneumococci isolated from sites suggestive of infection, especially blood and cerebrospinal fluid, should be routinely tested for penicillin-susceptibility.