Sustainability Assessment of Smallholder Agroforestry Indigenous Farming in the Amazon: A Case Study of Ecuadorian Kichwas
Marco Heredia-R,Bolier Torres,Jhenny Cayambe,Nadia Ramos,Marcelo Luna,Carlos Gregorio Hernández Díaz-Ambrona +5 more
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In this paper, the authors evaluated the sustainability of small farmers who use a traditional agroforestry system (chakra) within the buffer, transition, and core zones of the YBR.Abstract:
In the Amazon, the Yasuni Biosphere Reserve (YBR) is considered a natural and cultural diversity hotspot. It is populated by several indigenous groups, including the Kichwa, who are characterized by their traditional systems of production, which are a means of subsistence and socio-ecological integration. The objective of this research was to evaluate the sustainability of small farmers who use a traditional agroforestry system (chakra) within the buffer, transition, and core zones of the YBR. We conducted 133 interviews with Kichwa heads of households. The socio-demographic structure and distribution were identified, and the response-inducing sustainability evaluation (RISE) methodology was used to evaluate chakra sustainability according to social, economic, and ecological dimensions, expressed using 10 indicators from 50 parameters, valued from 0 (worst case) to 100 (best case). The results are expressed in a polygon, defined by the areas: (1) good performance, (2) medium performance, and (3) poor performance. We employed the multivariate classification hierarchical cluster technique and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to identify dissimilarities between groups of chakras and the existence of statistical differences, respectively. Among the studied indigenous Kichwas, a pyramidal structure progressive type was identified, which is characteristic of young populations and the nonexistence of significant differences between the RISE indicators and chakras. The lowest-scoring indicators using the RISE guidelines were: use of materials and environmental protection, animal production, economic viability and chakra administration. We provide suggestions for decision makers who support Kichwa populations in socio-productive management with sustainability goals. We to taking actions on the indicators identified with high priority to improve the sustainability in the chakras and sociodemographic dynamics.read more
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References
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‘Looking after country two-ways’: Insights into Indigenous community-based conservation from the Southern Tanami
Karissa Preuss,Madeline Dixon +1 more
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Comprehensiveness or implementation : Challenges in translating farm-level sustainability assessments into action for sustainable development
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify current limitations of sustainability assessments to catalyse change and formulate recommendations to the developers and users of such tools, and conclude that increasing the transparency, harmonization, participation and sensitivity to farmer's motivation in sustainability assessments is urgently needed to better link sustainability knowledge to action and overcome the current lock-in.
Future of oil and gas development in the western Amazon
Matt Finer,Bruce Babbitt,Sidney Novoa,Francesco Ferrarese,Salvatore Pappalardo,Massimo De Marchi,Maria Saucedo,Anjali Kumar +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an integrated analysis of the hydrocarbon sector and its associated road-building in the western Amazon and present an updated 2014 western Amazon hydrocarbon map illustrating that oil and gas blocks now cover 733 414 km2, an area much larger than the US state of Texas.
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Colonist Farm Income, Off-Farm Work, Cattle, and Differentiation in Ecuador's Northern Amazon
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined income sources and other characteristics among agricultural colonists in Ecuadors northern Amazon reveals economic differentiation of the frontier associated with farming off-farm work and cattle raising.