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Synopsis and classification of Formicidae

Barry Bolton
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The article was published on 2003-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 650 citations till now.

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Phylogeny of the Ants: Diversification in the Age of Angiosperms

TL;DR: Divergence time estimates calibrated by minimum age constraints from 43 fossils indicate that most of the subfamilies representing extant ants arose much earlier than previously proposed but only began to diversify during the Late Cretaceous to Early Eocene, which also witnessed the rise of angiosperms and most herbivorous insects.
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Major evolutionary transitions in ant agriculture

TL;DR: This work reconstructs the major evolutionary transitions that produced the five distinct agricultural systems of the fungus-growing ants, the most well studied of the nonhuman agriculturalists, with reference to the first fossil-calibrated, multiple-gene, molecular phylogeny that incorporates the full range of taxonomic diversity within the fungi-growing ant tribe Attini.
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Linking aboveground and belowground diversity.

TL;DR: Current knowledge of aboveground and belowground diversity links from a global to a local scale is discussed, suggesting that there are size-related biodiversity gradients in global aboveground–belowground linkages.
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Testing the museum versus cradle tropical biological diversity hypothesis: phylogeny, diversification, and ancestral biogeographic range evolution of the ants.

TL;DR: Diversification analyses identified 10 periods with a significant change in the tempo of diversification of the ants, although these shifts did not appear to correspond to ancestral biogeographic range shifts, suggesting that the Neotropics have acted as both a museum and cradle for ant diversity.
Journal ArticleDOI

The evolution of myrmicine ants: phylogeny and biogeography of a hyperdiverse ant clade (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the evolutionary history of a hyperdiverse clade, the ant subfamily Myrmicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), based on analyses of a data matrix comprising 251 species and 11 nuclear gene fragments.
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