Journal ArticleDOI
The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism.
Peter Glick,Susan T. Fiske +1 more
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A theory of sexism formulated as ambivalence toward women and validated by a corresponding measure, the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI), is presented in this paper, which taps two positively correlated components of sexism that nevertheless represent opposite evaluative orientations toward women: sexist antipathy or Hostile Sexism and a subjectively positive (for sexist men ) orientation toward women, Benevolent Sexism (BS).Abstract:
The authors present a theory of sexism formulated as ambivalence toward women and validate a corresponding measure, the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI). The ASI taps 2 positively correlated components of sexism that nevertheless represent opposite evaluative orientations toward women: sexist antipathy or Hostile Sexism (HS) and a subjectively positive ( for sexist men ) orientation toward women, Benevolent Sexism (BS). HS and BS are hypothesized to encompass 3 sources of male ambivalence: Paternalism, Gender Differentiation, and Heterosexuality. Six ASI studies on 2,250 respondents established convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity. Overall ASI scores predict ambivalent attitudes toward women, the HS scale correlates with negative attitudes toward and stereotypes about women, and the BS scale (for nonstudent men only) correlates with positive attitudes toward and stereotypes about women. A copy of the ASI is provided, with scoring instructions, as a tool for further explorations of sexist ambivalence.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition.
TL;DR: Contrary to antipathy models, 2 dimensions mattered, and many stereotypes were mixed, either pitying (low competence, high warmth subordinates) or envying (high competence, low warmth competitors).
Journal ArticleDOI
Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders.
Alice H. Eagly,Steven J. Karau +1 more
TL;DR: Evidence from varied research paradigms substantiates that consequences of perceived incongruity between the female gender role and leadership roles are more difficult for women to become leaders and to achieve success in leadership roles.
Journal ArticleDOI
Science faculty’s subtle gender biases favor male students
TL;DR: In a randomized double-blind study, science faculty from research-intensive universities rated the application materials of a student as significantly more competent and hireable than the (identical) female applicant, and preexisting subtle bias against women played a moderating role.
Journal ArticleDOI
An ambivalent alliance. Hostile and benevolent sexism as complementary justifications for gender inequality.
Peter Glick,Susan T. Fiske +1 more
TL;DR: The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, first validated in U.S. samples, has been administered to over 15,000 men and women in 19 nations and shows that women, as compared with men, consistently reject hostile sexism but often endorse benevolent sexism.
Book ChapterDOI
Warmth and Competence As Universal Dimensions of Social Perception: The Stereotype Content Model and the BIAS Map
TL;DR: The stereotype content model (SCM) as mentioned in this paper defines two fundamental dimensions of social perception, warmth and competence, predicted respectively by perceived competition and status, which generate distinct emotions of admiration, contempt, envy, and pity.
References
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TL;DR: The General Model, Part I: Latent Variable and Measurement Models Combined, Part II: Extensions, Part III: Extensions and Part IV: Confirmatory Factor Analysis as discussed by the authors.
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The Nature of Prejudice
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the dynamics of prejudgment, including: Frustration, Aggression and Hatred, Anxiety, Sex, and Guilt, Demagogy, and Tolerant Personality.
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Alice H. Eagly,Shelly Chaiken +1 more
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Lisrel 8: Structural Equation Modeling With the Simplis Command Language
Karl G. Jöreskog,Dag Sörbom +1 more
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