Journal ArticleDOI
The anatomy of the platysma muscle.
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TLDR
The posterosuperior fibers of the platysma always pass behind the angle of the jaw and over important structures, the most significant being the mandibular branch of the facial nerve.Abstract:
Platysma muscle was studied in 50 cadavers. The principal anatomic variation concerned the medical fibers. In 75 percent of the cases, the fascicles are separate in the suprahyoid region but interlace with those of the opposite side, 1 to 2 cm below the chin. In 15 percent, the fascicles come together at the level of the thyroid cartilage, like a single muscle in the suprahyoid region. In 10 percent of the cadavers, the fibers were separate, but inserted in the subcutaneous muscles of the chin without decussating. The posterosuperior fibers of the platysma always pass behind the angle of the jaw and over important structures, the most significant being the mandibular branch of the facial nerve.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Botulinum A exotoxin for the management of platysma bands.
TL;DR: The degrees of muscle flaccidity and hypertrophy were the factors that most influenced success rates, not the anatomic variations in muscle configuration.
Journal ArticleDOI
The facial motor system
Luigi Cattaneo,Giovanni Pavesi +1 more
TL;DR: At the cortical level, a complex network of specialized motor areas supports voluntary facial movements and, differently from upper limb movements, in such network there does not seem to be a prime actor in the primary motor cortex.
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Cosmetic use of botulinum A exotoxin for the aging neck.
Frederic Brandt,Betty Bellman +1 more
TL;DR: It will be discussed how botulinum can tighten neck jowls, eliminate horizontal neck rhytides, and improve skin laxity, and Botulinum A exotoxin is a safe, effective, alternative treatment for rejuvenation of the aging neck and lower face.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neck rejuvenation revisited.
TL;DR: The authors created a simplified anatomic approach to the most common cervical deformities encountered in the patient seeking facial rejuvenation, which allows the surgeon to choose the appropriate treatments to achieve consistent and reliable results.
Journal ArticleDOI
Platysma suspension and platysmaplasty during neck lift: anatomical study and analysis of 30 cases.
TL;DR: A technique for the treatment of the cervical area during face lifts that consists of suspending the free edge of the platysma muscle and fixing it to a resistant tissue close to the earlobe (Loré’s fascia or tympanoparotid fascia).