Showing papers in "Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews in 2014"

TL;DR: Overlap in brain activation between all task groups was found in the mPFC and in the bilateral posterior TPJ, supporting the idea of a core network for theory of mind that is activated whenever the authors are reasoning about mental states, irrespective of the task- and stimulus-formats.

TL;DR: Review of the literature suggests that there exists a coherent sequence of changes for EEG, EOG and HR variables during the transition from normal drive, high mental workload and eventually mental fatigue and drowsiness.

TL;DR: This is the first meta-analysis of sex differences in the typical human brain and regional sex differences overlap with areas implicated in psychiatric conditions.

TL;DR: It is argued that these previously undifferentiated dimensions of experience exert strong and distinct influences on neural development that cannot be fully explained by prevailing models focusing only on stress pathways.

TL;DR: Examinations of the neurobiological underpinnings of empathy reveal important quantitative gender differences in the basic networks involved in affective and cognitive forms of empathy, as well as a qualitative divergence between the sexes in how emotional information is integrated to support decision making processes.

TL;DR: This meta-analysis reviewed and meta-analyzed 123 brain morphology differences from 21 neuroimaging studies examining ∼300 meditation practitioners to definitively link meditation practice to altered brain morphology.

TL;DR: A meta-summary reliability analysis of seven common brain networks revealed that the heteromodal associative networks were mostly reliable across the seven networks, and observations can guide the use of reliable metrics and further improvement of test-retest reliability for other metics in functional connectomics.

TL;DR: In a meta-analysis of 293 articles, behavioral, morphological, physiological, and molecular traits were monitored in male mice and females tested without regard to estrous cycle stage; variability was not significantly greater in females than males for any endpoint and was substantially greater in males for several traits.

TL;DR: It is suggested that multiple readouts are necessary to derive maximum information and this strategy will enhance the understanding of the psychobiology of stress and provide the means to assess novel therapeutic agents.

TL;DR: The role of neurogenesis in mediating affective behavior in the context of stress remains an active area of investigation as discussed by the authors. But, there has not been extensive exploration of 5-HT adaptations occurring presynaptically or at the level of the raphe nuclei after exposure to chronic unpredictable stress.

TL;DR: Prospective studies of infants at familial risk are characterizing developmental pathways to ASD and early neurocognitive markers include atypical neural response to gaze and slowed disengagement.

TL;DR: It is found that larger PFC volume and greater PFC thickness were associated with better executive performance and support the "bigger is better" hypothesis of brain-behavior relation in healthy adults and suggest different neural correlates across the neuropsychological tests used to assess executive functions.

TL;DR: Validity evidence from optimal performance studies represents an advance for the neurofeedback field demonstrating that cross fertilisation between clinical and optimal performance domains will be fruitful.

TL;DR: It is concluded that "food addiction" is a misnomer because of the ambiguous connotation of a substance-related phenomenon, and is proposed the term "eating addiction" to underscore the behavioral addiction to eating.

TL;DR: A simplified model that includes the key modulatory factors and a tentative ranking of their relative impact is outlined, which can inform future neuroimaging studies as well as the design of treatment and prevention programs.

TL;DR: A theoretical account of the neural and computational basis of self-recognition that is embedded within the free-energy account of cortical function is presented and evidence that representations of the self are malleable, rather than fixed as previous accounts ofSelf recognition might suggest is presented.

TL;DR: This paper describes how different brain recording devices have been employed in different experimental paradigms to gain information about the subtle nature of human interactions through hyperscanning methodologies using hemodynamic or neuro-electric modalities.

TL;DR: Highlights ► EEG Alpha activity is sensitive to different creativity-related demands and alpha increases during creative cognition reflect internal processing demands.

TL;DR: Results show that social orienting is actually not qualitatively impaired and that decreased attention to faces does not generalized across contexts.

TL;DR: This review attempts to delineate EEG alpha-activity, its physical, molecular and morphological nature, and examines the following indices: (1) the individual alpha peak frequency; (2) activation magnitude; and (3) alpha "auto-rhythmicity" indices: which include intra-spindle amplitude variability, spindle length and steepness.

TL;DR: It is concluded that at the present stage the number of existing studies in the healthy population as well as in ADHD groups is too small for a final answer and three theoretical approaches are discussed, each of which integrates the opposing findings.

TL;DR: Significant signal change in bilateral amygdala/parahippocampal gyrus that decreased in downregulated states and increased in upregulated states is revealed, while cortical regions including superior frontal gyrus, cingulate, and premotor areas exhibited enhanced activity across all regulation conditions.

TL;DR: A mechanistic cognitive model of empathy is delineated to provide a framework within which neuroimaging work on empathy can be located, and which may be used in order to understand various disorders characterised by atypical levels of empathy.

TL;DR: A heuristic pathophysiological framework is constructed, integrating the tinnitus perceptual core with the other tinnitis related aspects, and can be considered an emergent property of multiple, parallel, dynamically changing and partially overlapping subnetworks, each with a specific spontaneous oscillatory pattern and functional connectivity signature.

TL;DR: The dual effector function of the immune system which tightly controls demyelination by effective induction of oligodendrocyte apoptosis, but in contrast also paves the way for fast and efficient remyelinated by the secretion of neurotrophic factors and the clearance of cellular and myelinic debris is described.

TL;DR: This review examines and details a model through which a complex series of environmental factors and biological pathways contribute to increased redox signaling and consequently increased O&NS in mood disorders.

TL;DR: It appears necessary to assess individual stress reactivity prospectively and separately at each trimester of pregnancy, to discriminate chronic from acute stress, and to take into consideration moderator variables such as past life events, sociocultural factors, predictability, social support and coping strategies.

TL;DR: A model for impaired interoception giving rise to the autistic phenotype is proposed and how this analysis could suggest therapeutic strategies is described.

TL;DR: The hyperactivation of the fear circuit (amygdala, insula, anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortex) and the disconnection of the medial parietal hub in SAD is confirmed and an updated model of SAD adopting a network-based perspective is presented.

TL;DR: This review evaluates some of the principle processes that may be altered as a consequence of chronic pain in the context of localized and integrated neural networks and links altered psychological processes to specific evidence-based treatments to put forth a model of pain neuroscience psychology.