International Political Economy (IPE) focuses on how interest, power and finance structures control economic relations between states. A more recent field of that literature deals with economic diplomacy. The differential of this concept lies in the use of economic instruments to pursue political objectives. Since the end of the 1990s, and with greater momentum since the 2008 crisis, China’s economic rise and international projection have been accompanied by a greater willingness to use economic diplomacy tools based on internal and external goals. The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a clear example of this process, with special incidence in the regions of the Global South. This study analyzes the concepts related to economic diplomacy and the interaction with the foreign policy of Xi Jinping, and its projection towards the Global South. It concludes that Beijing tries to develop and project its economic power through BRI, both in its periphery and around the globe. Likewise, it also responds to objectives of a domestic nature, linked to its modernization process.

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The Center for Strategic and International Studies

Diplomacia económica: Aproximaciones conceptuales y su aplicación en la política de Xi Jinping hacia el Sur Global

: How do we give Russia a voice but not a veto in crafting a new European security system? This question has preoccupied analysts in Brussels, Moscow, and Washington ever since Russian President Dmitry Medvedev proclaimed that the existing one was deeply flawed. Vladimir Putin's prot g observed last summer that the American "unipolar moment" upon which it rested was over. The United States could no longer dominate the international agenda nor could NATO do the same thing in Europe. The purpose of this monograph is to provide insight into the problems and prospects of the United States and Europe creating a new security relationship with Russia-one that can enhance the national security of all three of them. It will be comprised of three parts. First, it will address several compelling questions: What is the Russian case for a new security system? What are the arguments in opposition to it? And why, in spite of profound reservations about cooperation with Moscow, are Western statesmen prepared to consider it? In this connection, the factors that prevented a nuclear war between the Soviet Union and the West will provide a framework for our analysis: in sum, the triangular relationship between deterrence, arms control, and conflict management. Second, points of conflict between the Western alliance on the one hand and Russia on the other will be assessed: for example, friction associated with NATO, its eastward enlargement in particular; a U.S. missile defense system in Eastern Europe; the future of the Conventional Forces in Europe Treaty (CFE) and the Organization of Security Cooperation in Europe (OSCE); and of most urgent significance the need to reconfigure the strategic nuclear balance between Washington and Moscow by providing a new START.

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Medvedev's Plan: Giving Russia a Voice but not a Veto in a New European Security System

We know surprisingly little about the prevalence and severity of cybercrime in the U.S. Yet, in order to prioritize the development and distribution of advice and technology to protect end users, we require empirical evidence regarding cybercrime. Measuring crime, including cybercrime, is a challenging problem that relies on a combination of direct crime reports to the government – which have known issues of under-reporting – and assessment via carefully-designed self-report surveys. We report on the first large-scale, nationally representative academic survey (n=11,953) of consumer cybercrime experiences in the U.S. Our analysis answers four research questions: (1) What is the prevalence and (2) the monetary impact of these cybercrimes we measure in the U.S.?, (3) Do inequities exist in victimization?, and (4) Can we improve cybercrime measurement by leveraging social-reporting techniques used to measure physical crime? Our analysis also offers insight toward improving future measurement of cybercrime and protecting users.

A Large-Scale Measurement of Cybercrime Against Individuals

Brazil is reformatting its domestic defense industry. In the last three decades, Brazil has seen its defense industry go through a number of different phases: from being vibrant and export ...

Brazil’s defense industry: Challenges and opportunities

We contrast rural and urban single-child parents' old age care preferences and factors determining their preferences. The results show that single-child parents are more likely to report specific old age preferences than parents with multiple children; urban single-child parents are also more likely to have specific old age care preferences than their rural counterparts. Pension/social insurance is most preferred by urban single-child parents; whereas the preferences of rural single-child parents are more diverse. The most significant rural and urban differences lie in the effects of social and medical insurance on the respondents' selection of care sources. Policy implications are discussed in the end.

The Center for Strategic and International Studies

Citations

Diplomacia económica: Aproximaciones conceptuales y su aplicación en la política de Xi Jinping hacia el Sur Global

Medvedev's Plan: Giving Russia a Voice but not a Veto in a New European Security System

A Large-Scale Measurement of Cybercrime Against Individuals

Brazil’s defense industry: Challenges and opportunities

Old Age Care Preferences Among Chinese Middle-Aged Single-Child Parents and the Related Policy Implications

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