Journal ArticleDOI
The "Challenge Hypothesis": Theoretical Implications for Patterns of Testosterone Secretion, Mating Systems, and Breeding Strategies
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This model indicates that there may be widely different hormonal responses to male-male and male-female interactions and presumably equally plastic neural mechanisms for the transduction of these signals into endocrine secretions.Abstract:
A combination of field and laboratory investigations has revealed that the temporal patterns of testosterone (T) levels in blood can vary markedly among populations and individuals, and even within individuals from one year to the next. Although T is known to regulate reproductive behavior (both sexual and aggressive) and thus could be expected to correlate with mating systems, it is clear that the absolute levels of T in blood are not always indicative of reproductive state. Rather, the pattern and amplitude of change in T levels are far more useful in making predictions about the hormonal basis of mating systems and breeding strategies. In these contexts we present a model that compares the amplitude of change in T level with the degree of parental care shown by individual males. On the basis of data collected from male birds breeding in natural or captive conditions, polygynous males appear less responsive to social environmental cues than are monogamous males. This model indicates that there may be wi...read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Parasites, bright males, and the immunocompetence handicap
Ivar Folstad,Andrew John Karter +1 more
TL;DR: A phenomenological model is presented, operating on an intraspecific level, which views the cost of secondary sexual development from an endocrinological perspective and proposes a negative-feedback loop between signal intensity and parasite burden by suggesting that testosterone-dependent signal intensity is a plastic response.
Journal ArticleDOI
Behavioral syndromes: An integrative overview
Andrew Sih,Alison M. Bell,Alison M. Bell,J. Chadwick Johnson,J. Chadwick Johnson,Robert E. Ziemba +5 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that behavioral syndromes could play a useful role as an integrative bridge between genetics, experience, neuroendocrine mechanisms, evolution, and ecology.
Journal ArticleDOI
Testosterone and Human Aggression: An Evaluation of the Challenge Hypothesis
TL;DR: Predictions were that that testosterone would rise at puberty to moderate levels, which supported reproductive physiology and behavior, and that testosterone levels will be associated with different behavioral profiles among men, associated with life history strategies involving emphasis on either mating or parental effort.
Book
Stress, the Aging Brain, and the Mechanisms of Neuron Death
TL;DR: Individual differences and adrenocortical function - why do some individuals secrete more glucocorticoids than others?
Journal ArticleDOI
Neural mechanisms of aggression
Randy J. Nelson,Brian C. Trainor +1 more
TL;DR: This Review summarizes the complex interactions between genes, biological signals, neural circuits and the environment that influence the development and expression of aggressive behaviour.
References
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Book ChapterDOI
Parental investment and sexual selection
TL;DR: The p,cnetics of sex nas now becn clarif ied, and Fishcr ( 1958 ) hrs produccd , n,od"l to cxplarn sex ratios at coDception, a nrodel recently extendcd to include special mccha_ nisms that operate under inbreeding (Hunrilron I96?).
Journal ArticleDOI
Ecology, sexual selection, and the evolution of mating systems
Stephen T. Emlen,Lewis W. Oring +1 more
Book
Sexual selection and the descent of man, 1871-1971
TL;DR: In the first full discussion of sexual selection since 1871, leading biologists brought modern genetic theory and behavior observation to bear on the subject as mentioned in this paper, and the result is a remarkably original and well-rounded view of the whole concept that will be invaluable especially to students of evolution and human sexual behavior.
Journal ArticleDOI
On the Evolution of Mating Systems in Birds and Mammals
TL;DR: Most cases of polygyny in birds, a group in which monogamy is the most common mating pattern, can be explained on the basis of the model, and those cases not apparently fitting into the predictions are clearly indicated.