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The Conodonta: Morphology, Taxonomy, Paleoecology, and Evolutionary History of a Long-Extinct Animal Phylum

TLDR
Introduction Skeletal anatomy Whole animal anatomy Taxonomy The major conodont groups Paleoecology The phylum Conodonta Evolutionary patterns Appendixes Index
Abstract
Introduction Skeletal anatomy Whole animal anatomy Taxonomy The major conodont groups Paleoecology The phylum Conodonta Evolutionary patterns Appendixes Index

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The Late Ordovician Mass Extinction

TL;DR: In the Late Ordovician, about 85% of marine species died due to a brief glacial interval that produced two pulses of extinction as discussed by the authors, the first was at the beginning of the glaciation, when sea level decline drained epicontinental seaways, produced a harsh climate in low and mid-latitudes, and initiated active, deep-oceanic currents that aerated the deep oceans and brought nutrients and possibly toxic material up from oceanic depths.
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Devonian climate and reef evolution: Insights from oxygen isotopes in apatite

TL;DR: In order to reconstruct the palaeotemperature history of the Devonian, the oxygen isotope composition of apatite phosphate was measured on 639 conodont samples from sequences in Europe, North America and Australia.
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Conodont affinity and chordate phylogeny

TL;DR: It is concluded that conodonts are cladistically more derived than either hagfishes or lampreys because they possess a mineralised dermal skeleton and that they are the most plesiomorphic member of the total group Gnathostomata.
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An oceanic model for lithological and faunal changes tested on the Silurian record

TL;DR: In this article, a model for oceanic cycles is presented, expressing changes between more humid low latitude and cooler high latitude climates (P episodes), and dryer low-latitude and warmer high latitude climate (S episodes), where the cyclicity may be self-regulating through changes in the CO 2 storage capacity of the deep ocean due to temperature changes.
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The stratigraphic distribution of fossils

TL;DR: In several increasingly realistic steps, a model of the stratigraphic distribution of fossils is presented in this paper, in which the first and second step admits that if a taxon was extant, there is some probability less than one that it will have been preserved.