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The Detection of Clusters in Rare Diseases
Julian Besag,James Newell +1 more
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TLDR
The main intention of the paper is to describe and illustrate a new technique for the identification of small clusters of disease, and discuss some common pitfalls in the application of tests of clustering to epidemiological data.Abstract:
SUMMARY Tests for clustering of rare diseases investigate whether an observed pattern of cases in one or more geographical regions could reasonably have arisen by chance alone, bearing in mind the variation in background population density. In contrast, tests for the detection of clusters are concerned with screening a large region for evidence of individual 'hot spots' of disease but without any preconception about their likely locations; the results of such tests may form the basis for subsequent small area investigations, statistical or non-statistical, but will rarely be an end in themselves. The main intention of the paper is to describe and illustrate a new technique for the identification of small clusters of disease. A secondary purpose is to discuss some common pitfalls in the application of tests of clustering to epidemiological data.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Local Spatial Autocorrelation Statistics: Distributional Issues and an Application
J. K. Ord,Arthur Getis +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the statistics Gi(d) and Gi*(d), introduced in Getis and Ord (1992) for the study of local pattern in spatial data, are extended and their properties further explored.
Journal ArticleDOI
Spatial disease clusters: detection and inference.
TL;DR: The proposed test can detect clusters of any size, located anywhere in the study region, and is not restricted to clusters that conform to predefined administrative or political borders.
Book
Applied Spatial Statistics for Public Health Data
Lance A. Waller,Carol A. Gotway +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a method for estimating risk and risk of cancer in public health data using statistical methods for spatial data in the context of geographic information systems (GISs).
Book
Spatial Data Analysis: Theory and Practice
TL;DR: This work focuses on the development of models for statistical modeling of spatial variation in the context of scientific and policy context, as well as the nature of spatial data.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prospective time periodic geographical disease surveillance using a scan statistic
TL;DR: By using a space–time scan statistic, a system for regular time periodic disease surveillance to detect any currently ‘active’ geographical clusters of disease and which tests the statistical significance of such clusters adjusting for the multitude of possible geographical locations and sizes, time intervals and time periodic analyses is proposed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Bayesian image restoration, with two applications in spatial statistics
TL;DR: There has been much recent interest in Bayesian image analysis, including such topics as removal of blur and noise, detection of object boundaries, classification of textures, and reconstruction of two- or three-dimensional scenes from noisy lower-dimensional views as mentioned in this paper.
Journal Article
Rejoinder (Bayesian image restoration,with two applications in spatial statistics)
TL;DR: The present paper argues that many problems in the analysis of spatial data can be interpreted as problems of image restoration, since the amounts of data involved allow routine use of computer intensive methods, such as the Gibbs sampler, that are not yet practicable for conventional images.
Book
Spatial Processes Models and Applications
Andrew Cliff,J. Keith Ord +1 more
TL;DR: The authors describe various ways the degree of spatial autocorrelation in a set of variate values can be assessed and to which the pattern formed by the location of objects treatable as points can be examined.
Journal ArticleDOI
Empirical Bayes estimates of age-standardized relative risks for use in disease mapping.
David Clayton,John M. Kaldor +1 more
TL;DR: A new approach using empirical Bayes estimation is proposed to map incidence and mortality from diseases such as cancer and the resulting estimators represent a weighted compromise between the SMR, the overall mean relative rate, and a local mean of the relative rate in nearby areas.