Journal ArticleDOI
The developmental roots of fairness: infants’ reactions to equal and unequal distributions of resources
Alessandra Geraci,Luca Surian +1 more
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In two experiments, infants' looking times and manual choices provide converging evidence suggesting that infants aged 12 to 18 months (mean age 16 months) attend to the outcomes of distributive actions to evaluate agents' actions and to reason about agents' dispositions.Abstract:
The problem of how to distribute available resources among members of a group is a central aspect of social life. Adults react negatively to inequitable distributions and several studies have reported negative reactions to inequity also in non-human primates and dogs. We report two experiments on infants' reactions to equal and unequal distributions. In two experiments, infants' looking times and manual choices provide, for the first time, converging evidence suggesting that infants aged 12 to 18 months (mean age 16 months) attend to the outcomes of distributive actions to evaluate agents' actions and to reason about agents' dispositions. The results provide support for recent theoretical proposals on the developmental roots of social evaluation skills and a sense of fairness.read more
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Origins of Human Cooperation and Morality
Michael Tomasello,Amrisha Vaish +1 more
TL;DR: This work reviews recent research on the origins of human morality and proposes a two-step sequence: first a second-personal morality in which individuals are sympathetic or fair to particular others, and second an agent-neutral morality inWhich individuals follow and enforce group-wide social norms.
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A mutualistic approach to morality: The evolution of fairness by partner choice
TL;DR: An approach to morality is developed as an adaptation to an environment in which individuals were in competition to be chosen and recruited in mutually advantageous cooperative interactions, and the best strategy is to treat others with impartiality and to share the costs and benefits of cooperation equally.
Journal ArticleDOI
How infants and toddlers react to antisocial others
TL;DR: Although adults generally prefer helpful behaviors and those who perform them, there are situations (in particular, when the target of an action is disliked) in which overt antisocial acts are seen as appropriate, and thoseWho perform them are viewed positively, the developmental origins of this capacity for selective social evaluation are explored.
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Moral Judgment and Action in Preverbal Infants and Toddlers Evidence for an Innate Moral Core
TL;DR: This article reviewed a recent body of research with infants and toddlers, demonstrating surprisingly sophisticated and flexible moral behavior and evaluation in a preverbal population whose opportunity for moral learning is limited at best.
Journal ArticleDOI
Why people prefer unequal societies
TL;DR: Inequality and unfairness are not the same thing as discussed by the authors, and people are not bothered by economic inequality, but rather by economic unfairness, which is the opposite of ours.
References
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Book
The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex
TL;DR: In this paper, secondary sexual characters of fishes, amphibians and reptiles are presented. But the authors focus on the secondary sexual characteristics of fishes and amphibians rather than the primary sexual characters.
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The emotional dog and its rational tail: a social intuitionist approach to moral judgment.
TL;DR: The author gives 4 reasons for considering the hypothesis that moral reasoning does not cause moral judgment; rather, moral reasoning is usually a post hoc construction, generated after a judgment has been reached.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Descent of Man, and Selection in relation to Sex
TL;DR: The Descent of Man, and Selection in relation to Sex as mentioned in this paper, by Charles Darwin, &c. In two volumes. Pp. 428, 475, as mentioned in this paper.
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The Idea of Justice
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an approach to justice that is based on the Demands of Justice, Reason and Objectivity, Human Rights and Global Imperatives, and the Materials of Justice.
Journal ArticleDOI
An fMRI Investigation of Emotional Engagement in Moral Judgment
Joshua D. Greene,R. Brian Sommerville,Leigh E. Nystrom,John M. Darley,Jonathan D. Cohen,Jonathan D. Cohen +5 more
TL;DR: It is argued that moral dilemmas vary systematically in the extent to which they engage emotional processing and that these variations in emotional engagement influence moral judgment.