Journal ArticleDOI
The Framing of Decisions and the Psychology of Choice
Amos Tversky,Daniel Kahneman +1 more
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The psychological principles that govern the perception of decision problems and the evaluation of probabilities and outcomes produce predictable shifts of preference when the same problem is framed in different ways.Abstract:
The psychological principles that govern the perception of decision problems and the evaluation of probabilities and outcomes produce predictable shifts of preference when the same problem is framed in different ways. Reversals of preference are demonstrated in choices regarding monetary outcomes, both hypothetical and real, and in questions pertaining to the loss of human lives. The effects of frames on preferences are compared to the effects of perspectives on perceptual appearance. The dependence of preferences on the formulation of decision problems is a significant concern for the theory of rational choice.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Fear of the unknown: One fear to rule them all?
TL;DR: The current review and synthesis was designed to provocatively develop and evaluate the proposition that "fear of the unknown may be a, or possibly the, fundamental fear" underlying anxiety and therein neuroticism.
Journal ArticleDOI
Realizing the potential benefits of climate prediction to agriculture: issues, approaches, challenges
TL;DR: The prerequisites to beneficial forecast use are outlined; key issues, approaches and challenges related to each are highlighted; and an evolutionary strategy is suggested.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Effects of Source Credibility and Message Framing on Exercise Intentions, Behaviors, and Attitudes: An Integration of the Elaboration Likelihood Model and Prospect Theory1
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of source credibility and message framing on promoting physical exercise in university students was examined, where participants were randomly assigned to reading a positively or negatively framed communication that was attributed to either a credible or a noncredible source.
Journal ArticleDOI
The influence of proportional and perceptual conflict composition on team performance
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose two types of conflict composition in teams and investigate the links between proportional and perceptual conflict composition conflict, and team effectiveness (i.e., individual and team performance, commitment, cohesiveness, and member satisfaction).
Journal Article
Emotion and Group Cohesion in Productive Exchange
TL;DR: In this paper, a theory of relational cohesion was proposed to explain how and when actors become committed to one another in the context of multi-actor exchange, showing that frequent social exchange results in positive emotions that solidify and strengthen the person to group bond and uncertainty reduction that renders the focal group more salient in relation to others.
References
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Book ChapterDOI
Prospect theory: an analysis of decision under risk
Daniel Kahneman,Amos Tversky +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a critique of expected utility theory as a descriptive model of decision making under risk, and develop an alternative model, called prospect theory, in which value is assigned to gains and losses rather than to final assets and in which probabilities are replaced by decision weights.
Book
Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases
Amos Tversky,Daniel Kahneman +1 more
TL;DR: The authors described three heuristics that are employed in making judgements under uncertainty: representativeness, availability of instances or scenarios, and adjustment from an anchor, which is usually employed in numerical prediction when a relevant value is available.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prospect theory: analysis of decision under risk
Daniel Kahneman,Amos Tversky +1 more
Book
Theory of Games and Economic Behavior
TL;DR: Theory of games and economic behavior as mentioned in this paper is the classic work upon which modern-day game theory is based, and it has been widely used to analyze a host of real-world phenomena from arms races to optimal policy choices of presidential candidates, from vaccination policy to major league baseball salary negotiations.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Behavioral Model of Rational Choice
TL;DR: In this article, a model for the description of rational choice by organisms of limited computational ability is proposed, and the model is used to describe rational choice in organisms with limited computational abilities.