Behavior, neuropsychology, and neuroimaging suggest that episodic memories are constructed from interactions among the following basic systems: vision, audition, olfaction, other senses, spatial imagery, language, emotion, narrative, motor output, explicit memory, and search and retrieval. Each system has its own well-documented functions, neural substrates, processes, structures, and kinds of schemata. However, the systems have not been considered as interacting components of episodic memory, as is proposed here. Autobiographical memory and oral traditions are used to demonstrate the usefulness of the basic-systems model in accounting for existing data and predicting novel findings, and to argue that the model, or one similar to it, is the only way to understand episodic memory for complex stimuli routinely encountered outside the laboratory.

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The Greek Concept of Justice: From Its Shadow in Homer to Its Substance in Plato

The Basic-Systems Model of Episodic Memory.

A study of the decision making and coping of functionally illiterate consumers reveals cognitive predilections, decision heuristics and trade-offs, and coping behaviors that distinguish them from literate consumers. English-as-a-second-language and poor, literate consumers are used as comparison groups. The strong predilection for concrete reasoning and overreliance on pictographic information of functionally illiterate consumers suggest that companies should reconsider how they highlight the added benefits of new products or the differentiating aspects of existing product offerings across channels such as advertising, in-store displays, and positioning. Concrete reasoning also has strong implications for the execution and presentation of price promotions through coupons and in-store discounts, because many consumers are unable to process the information and thus avoid discounted products. Finally, the elaborate coping mechanisms identified and the loyalty that functionally illiterate consumers d...

Decision Making and Coping of Functionally Illiterate Consumers and Some Implications for Marketing Management

An event memory is a mental construction of a scene recalled as a single occurrence. It therefore requires the hippocampus and ventral visual stream needed for all scene construction. The construction need not come with a sense of reliving or be made by a participant in the event, and it can be a summary of occurrences from more than one encoding. The mental construction, or physical rendering, of any scene must be done from a specific location and time; this introduces a ‘self’ located in space and time, which is a necessary, but need not be a sufficient, condition for a sense of reliving. We base our theory on scene construction rather than reliving because this allows the integration of many literatures and because there is more accumulated knowledge about scene construction’s phenomenology, behavior, and neural basis. Event memory differs from episodic memory in that it does not conflate the independent dimensions of whether or not a memory is relived, is about the self, is recalled voluntarily, or is based on a single encoding with whether it is recalled as a single occurrence of a scene. Thus, we argue that event memory provides a clearer contrast to semantic memory, which also can be about the self, be recalled voluntarily, and be from a unique encoding; allows for a more comprehensive dimensional account of the structure of explicit memory; and better accounts for laboratory and real world behavioral and neural results, including those from neuropsychology and neuroimaging, than does episodic memory.

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Event memory: A theory of memory for laboratory, autobiographical, and fictional events.

The English Reformation

Part I. Bases: Consensus, Freedoms and Capacities: 1. Macrojustice: an overview of its place, method, structure and result 2. Social freedom 3. The liberal theory 4. Free and equal in rights 5. Resources 6. Capacities Part II. Overall Distributive Justice: ELIE (Equal Labour Income Equalization): 7. Equal labour income equalization: general presentation 8. Models of labour and productivity 9. Equal duration income equalization 10. Information 11. Income justice 12. General equal labour income equalization: the model 13. Involuntary unemployment Part III. Comparisons with Policies and Philosophies: 14. Comparisons: general issues 15. Comparison with distributive schemes 16. Comparison with philosophies Part IV. The Degree of Community, Equality, Reciprocity, and Solidarity: 17. The degree of redistribution, solidarity, community, and reciprocity 18. Impartiality, consensus, and information 19. Disinterested judgments and the moral surplus 20. Communication and dialogue 21. Impartialization and consensus Part V. Comparison with Economics' Social Ethics: 22. Related economic values 23. The structure and substance of distributive principles 24. Happiness and freedom 25. Freedoms, responsibility, desert, merit, equality of opportunity, capacities, capabilities, basic needs 26. The theory of equivalence 27. Conclusion.

The Greek Concept of Justice: From Its Shadow in Homer to Its Substance in Plato

Citations

The Basic-Systems Model of Episodic Memory.

Decision Making and Coping of Functionally Illiterate Consumers and Some Implications for Marketing Management

Event memory: A theory of memory for laboratory, autobiographical, and fictional events.

The English Reformation

Macrojustice: The Political Economy of Fairness

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