The heat of shortening and the dynamic constants of muscle
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TLDR
In this article, a more accurate and rapid technique for muscle heat measurement was proposed, and some astonishingly simple and accurate relations have been found, which determine the effect of load on speed of shortening, allow the form of the isometric contraction to be predicted, and are the basis of the so-called "visco-elasticity" of skeletal muscle.Abstract:
The hope was recently expressed (Hill 1937, p. 116) that with the development of a more accurate and rapid technique for muscle heat measurement, a much more consistent picture might emerge of the energy relations of muscles shortening (or lengthening) and doing positive (or negative) work. This hope has been realized, and some astonishingly simple and accurate relations have been found, relations, moreover, which (among other things) determine the effect of load on speed of shortening, allow the form of the isometric contraction to be predicted, and are the basis of the so-called “visco-elasticity” of skeletal muscle. This paper is divided into three parts. In Part I further developments of the technique are described: everything has depended on the technique, so no apology is needed for a rather full description of it and of the precautions necessary. In Part II the results themselves are described and discussed. In Part III the “visco-elastic” properties of active muscle are shown to be a consequence of the properties described in Part II.read more
Citations
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The visco-elastic properties of frog's muscles.
TL;DR: The behaviour under sudden stress, or under sudden extension, of all visco-elastic substances (rubber, gelatin jellies, etc.) suggests a system partly damped, partly undamped.
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The thermo‐elastic properties of muscle
TL;DR: The great improvement in myothermic technique achieved in recent years suggested a re-investigation of the problem, and this is described below, where the coefficient of linear expansion of muscle is negative when its initial extension is less than 35 p.c. of its unloaded length and with greater initial extension the coefficient becomes positive.