Journal ArticleDOI
The neurochemistry and pharmacology of extinction behavior.
TLDR
It is suggested that the noradrenergic system may be involved in the expression of extinction behavior by a role in selective attention, the dopamine system via an involvement with secondary reinforcement, the cholinergic system by a mechanism of response inhibition and the barbiturates and benzodiazepines by a block of nonreward.About:
This article is published in Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.The article was published on 1983-09-01. It has received 81 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Dopamine & Amphetamine.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Behavioral and Neural Analysis of Extinction
Karyn M. Myers,Michael Davis +1 more
TL;DR: This review considers the behavioral, cellular, and molecular literatures on extinction and presents the most recent advances in understanding while identifying issues that require considerable further research.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sensation seeking: A comparative approach to a human trait
TL;DR: A model is suggested that relates mood, behavioral activity, sociability, and clinical states to activity of the central catecholamine neurotransmitters and to neuroregulators and other transmitters that act in opposite ways on behavior or stabilize activity in the arousal systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Distinct Changes in Cortical Acetylcholine and Noradrenaline Efflux during Contingent and Noncontingent Performance of a Visual Attentional Task
Jeffrey W. Dalley,Jill McGaughy,M. T. O’Connell,Rudolf N. Cardinal,Liat Levita,Trevor W. Robbins +5 more
TL;DR: Data from this investigation dissociates functions of cortical acetylcholine and noradrenaline in arousal and visual attention by simultaneously measuring ACh and NA efflux in the rat prefrontal cortex during sustained attentional performance and implicate cortical ACh in aspects of attentional functioning.
BookDOI
Fear and learning : from basic processes to clinical implications
TL;DR: The most recent empirical developments in learning theory for understanding the etiology and treatment of fears and phobias are discussed in this article. But, as noted by the authors, although fear plays an important role in human development, adaptation, and ultimately survival, fear can be disabling when it manifests itself as a phobia or an anxiety disorder.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of Abstinence from Tobacco: Etiology, Animal Models, Epidemiology, and Significance: A Subjective Review
TL;DR: The most validated etiological model suggests that withdrawal is related to decreased dopaminergic activity, but how this relates to nicotine receptor changes is unclear and the proposed neurobiological mechanisms by which withdrawal occurs leave several unanswered questions.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
Louis S. Goodman,Alfred Gilman +1 more
TL;DR: On pharmacology and the rational use of drugs, 42 authors share the herculean task of reviewing the flood of recent literature under single or dual authorship and each chapter offers a complete and up-to-date review.
Journal Article
p-CHLOROPHENYLALANINE: A SPECIFIC DEPLETOR OF BRAIN SEROTONIN
B K Koe,A Weissman +1 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that p -chlorophenylalanine may effect 5HT depletion by inhibiting the biosynthesis of this monoamine, possibly by blocking tryptophan hydroxylation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Species-specific defense reactions and avoidance learning.
TL;DR: This article used the limited knowledge of natural defensive behavior to help account for some of the anomalies that have been found in laboratory studies of avoidance learning, and suggested some alternative concepts, starting with the assumption that animals have innate species-specific defense reactions (SSDRs) such as fleeing, freezing and fighting.