A
The New Politics of Inequality
in Latin America
Rethinking Participation and Representation
EDITED BY
Douglas A. Chalmers, Carlos M. Vilas, Katherine Hite,
Scott B. Martin, Kerianne Piester, and Monique Segarra
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
1997
Contents
Notes
on
Contributors
xii
List
of
Figures
xvi
List
of
Tables
xvii
INTRODUCTION 1
1.
Participation, Inequality, and the Whereabouts of Democracy 3
CARLOS
M.
VILAS
PART I. TRADITIONAL ACTORS, NEW SETTINGS 43
2.
Beyond Corporatism: New Patterns of Representation in the
Brazilian Auto Industry
SCOTT
B.
MARTIN
45
3. Union Politics, Market-Oriented Reforms, and the Reshaping
of Argentine Corporatism
M. VICTORIA MURILLO
72
4. The Crisis of Developmentalism and the Rural Labor
Movement In North-East Brazil
ANTHONY
W.PEREIRA
95
PART II. SEARCHING FOR NEW FORMS OF PARTICIPATION 115
5. The Rise of Causa R in Venezuela
MARGARITA LOPEZ-MAYA
6. The Seven-Month Itch? Neoliberal Politics, Popular
Movements, and the Left in Mexico
KATHLEEN BRUHN
144
7. The Politics of Identity Reconstruction: Indians and •
Democracy in Ecuador
M ELI NA SELVERSTO N
170
8. The Evolution of the Brazilian Environmental Movement and
Its Political Roles
KATHRYN HOCHSTETLER
192
x Contents
9.
The Authoritarian Alternative: 'Anti-Politics' in the Popular
Sectors of Lima
ALDOPANFICHI
217
PART III.
THE
STUBBORNNESS
OF
VIOLENCE 237
10.
The Quetzal is
Red:
Military States, Popular Movements, and
Political Violence in Guatemala
DEBORAH J. YASHAR
239
11.
Popular Responses to State-Sponsored Violence in Brazil
PAULO SERGIO PINHEIRO
261
12.
Political Violence and the Grassroots in Lima, Peru
JO-MARIE BURT
281
PART IV. DILEMMAS
OF A
SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC PROJECT 311
13.
Rethinking Economic Alternatives: Left Parties and the
Articulation of Popular Demands in Chile and Peru
KENNETH
M.
ROBERTS
313
14.
Market-Oriented Development Strategies and State-Society
Relations in New Democracies: Lessons from Contemporary
Chile and Spain
ERIC HERSHBERG
337
15.
Putting Conservatism to
Good
Use?
Long
Crisis and Vetoed
Alternatives in Uruguay
FERNANDO FILGUEIRA AND JORGE PAPADOPULOS
360
PART
V.
RECONSTRUCTING REPRESENTATION 389
16.
The Difficult Transition from Clientelism to Citizenship:
Lessons from Mexico
JONATHAN FOX
391
17.
Reconstructing the Workers' Party
(PT):
Lessons from
North-Eastern Brazil
WILLIAM NYLEN
421
18.
Can a Leftist Government Make a Difference? The Frente
Ampllo Administration of Montevideo, 1990-1994
PETER WINN AND LILIA FERRO-CLERICO
447
Contents xi
19.
Targeting the
Poor:
The Politics of Social Policy Reforms in
Mexico
KERIANNE PIESTER
469
20.
Redefining the Public/Private Mix: NGOs and the Emergency
Social Investment Fund in Ecuador
MONIQUE SEGARRA
489
21.
Regional Integration and Transnational Politics: Popular
Sector Strategies in the NAFTA Era
MARIA LORENA COOK
516
CONCLUSION 541
22.
Associative Networks: New Structures of Representation for
the Popular Sectors?
DOUGLAS A. CHALMERS, SCOTT B. MARTIN, AND KERIANNE PIESTER
543
References , 583
Index 635