Journal ArticleDOI
The Objective Use of Upper Air Soundings to Specify Precipitation Type
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TLDR
In this paper, a linear screening regression is used to derive relationships between parameters computed from observed upper air soundings (RAOBS) and concurrent observations of precipitation type, defined as liquid (rain or drizzle), freezing (freezing rain or freezing drizzle) and frozen (snow or ice pellets).Abstract:
Linear screening regression is used to derive relationships between parameters computed from observed upper air soundings (RAOBS) and concurrent observations of precipitation type. Precipitation type is defined as three categories: liquid (rain or drizzle), freezing (freezing rain or freezing drizzle) and frozen (snow or ice pellets). Statistical screening results indicate that of the parameters tried the following are important: the mean temperature in the surface–1000 m and 500–2500 m layers; the depth of the warm layer (temperature >0°C), if one exists; the area between the temperature profile and the 0°C isotherm in the warm layer, the depth of the surface-based cold layer, if one exists, with respect to the wet-bulb temperature profile; and the area between the wet-bulb temperature profile and the 0°C isotherm in the surface-based cold layer. Verification of the specification equations on both developmental and independent data samples indicates that the scores are generally stable. The equa...read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Characterizations of Aircraft Icing Environments that Include Supercooled Large Drops
TL;DR: In this article, measurements of aircraft icing environments that include supercooled large drops (SLD) greater than 50 μm in diameter have been made during 38 research flights during the First and Third Canadian Freezing Drizzle Experiments.
Journal ArticleDOI
The dependence of precipitation types on surface elevation and meteorological conditions and its parameterization
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper investigated the relationship of precipitation types with surface elevation and meteorological variables, and developed a new parameterization scheme to determine the precipitation type, with input of daily mean wet-bulb temperature, relative humidity, and surface elevation.
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A Method to Determine Precipitation Types
TL;DR: In this article, a statistical analysis was applied using the North American aerological stations network to determine a set of criteria for discriminating freezing rain, ice pellets, snow, and rain.
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An Analysis of Freezing Rain, Freezing Drizzle, and Ice Pellets across the United States and Canada: 1976–90
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive analysis of freezing rain, freezing drizzle, and ice pellets was conducted using data from surface observations across the United States and Canada, and it was found that during this period, the spatial variability in the annual frequency of freezing precipitation and ice pelts is large across the U.S. and Canada.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nonhydrostatic, Mesobeta-Scale Model Simulations of Cloud Ceiling and Visibility for an East Coast Winter Precipitation Event
TL;DR: In this article, a translation algorithm was developed based on empirical and theoretical relationships between hydrometeor characteristics and light extinction to obtain ceiling and visibility from the model-simulated, state-of-the-atmosphere variables.