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The Rise and Decline of the American Ghetto
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The authors examined segregation in American cities from 1890 to 1990 and found that there is a strong positive relation between urban population or density and segregation, and that the legal barriers enforcing segregation had been replaced by decentralized racism, where whites pay more than blacks to live in predominantly white areas.Abstract:
This paper examines segregation in American cities from 1890 to 1990. From 1890 to 1940, ghettos were born as blacks migrated to urban areas and cities developed vast expanses filled with almost entirely black housing. From 1940 to 1970, black migration continued and the physical areas of the ghettos expanded. Since 1970, there has been a decline in segregation as blacks have moved into previously all†white areas of cities and suburbs. Across all these time periods there is a strong positive relation between urban population or density and segregation. Data on house prices and attitudes toward integration suggest that in the mid†twentieth century, segregation was a product of collective actions taken by whites to exclude blacks from their neighborhoods. By 1990, the legal barriers enforcing segregation had been replaced by decentralized racism, where whites pay more than blacks to live in predominantly white areas.read more
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Public Goods and Ethnic Divisions
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a model that links heterogeneity of preferences across ethnic groups in a city to the amount and type of public goods the city supplies, and conclude that ethnic conflict is an important determinant of local public finances.
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Public goods and ethnic divisions
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a model that links heterogeneity of preferences across ethnic groups in a city to the amount and type of public goods the city supplies, showing that the shares of spending on productive public goods - education, roads, sewers, and trash pickup - in U.S. cities (metro areas/urban counties) are inversely related to the city's ethnic fragmentation.
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Who Trusts Others
TL;DR: The authors found that the strongest factors associated with low trust are: i) a recent history of traumatic experiences; ii) belonging to a group that historically felt discriminated against, such as minorities (blacks in particular) and women; iii) being economically unsuccessful in terms of income and education; iv) living in a racially mixed community and/or in one with a high degree of income disparity.
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Where is the Land of Opportunity? The Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States*
TL;DR: In this article, the authors use administrative records on the incomes of more than 40 million children and their parents to describe three features of intergenerational mobility in the United States: the joint distribution of parent and child income at the national level, the conditional expectation of child income given parent income, and the factors correlated with upward mobility.
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Participation in Heterogeneous Communities
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied what determines group formation and the degree of participation when the population is heterogeneous, both in terms of income and race or ethnicity, and found that those individuals who express views against racial mixing are less prone to participate in groups the more racially heterogeneous their community is.
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Journal ArticleDOI
A methodological analysis of segregation indexes
Journal ArticleDOI
Understanding Social Differentiation@@@Inequality and Heterogeneity: A Primitive Theory of Social Structure.
William R. Catton,Peter M. Blau +1 more
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Beyond the melting pot
Nathan Glazer,Daniel P. Moynihan +1 more
TL;DR: The condition is the on that will make you feel that you must read as mentioned in this paper, which is the condition that makes reading a need and a hobby at the same time, not just a hobby but a necessity.
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The Company You Keep: The Effects of Family and Neighborhood on Disadvantaged Youths
TL;DR: The authors examined the effects of family background variables and neighborhood peers on the behaviors of inner-city youths in a tight labor market using data from the 1989 NBER survey of youths living in low-income Boston neighborhoods.