Journal ArticleDOI
Thermoelectric hysteresis in nickel-based thermocouple alloys
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In this paper, the Seebeck coefficient has been studied for type K and type N thermocouples and it is shown that it is possible to produce type K thermocouple with a performance comparable with that previously reported for type N.Abstract:
Hysteresis in the Seebeck coefficient has been studied for type K and type N thermocouples. The temperature range was 0 to 1200 degrees C, heating periods were up to 530 h and the alloys were supplied from a number of different sources (five for type K and two for type N). In both types, changes of about 1% in Seebeck coefficient were found but the hysteresis extended over a larger temperature range for the type N thermocouple. Thermoelectric hysteresis is a major cause of instability in Ni-based thermocouples, especially in the more stable, Nicrosil-sheathed mineral-insulated configuration. It is shown that it is possible to produce type K thermocouples with a performance comparable with that previously reported for type N.read more
Citations
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Measurement of Inhomogeneities in MIMS Thermocouples Using a Linear-Gradient Furnace and Dual Heat-Pipe Scanner
TL;DR: In this paper, a linear-gradient furnace and a thermocouple homogeneity scanner are used to measure changes in the Seebeck coefficient as a function of time and temperature, which can be correlated with the temperature to which that part of the thermometre was exposed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Low-Temperature Drift in MIMS Base-Metal Thermocouples
TL;DR: The most sensitive thermoelement alloys appear to be Constantan, Alumel, and Nicrosil as discussed by the authors, and the experiments reveal noticeable drift in all base-metal types for temperatures as low as $$100\,^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$$� and exposure times as short as 1.h.
Journal ArticleDOI
Long-term drift in mineral-insulated Nicrosil-sheathed type K thermocouples
TL;DR: In this paper, the drift in signal for Nicrosil-sheathed type K thermocouple probes has been measured over 1000 h at temperatures up to 1300 °C and it was shown that thermoelectric hysteresis is the dominant process for temperatures below 800 °C, giving drifts of up to 1.5 °C.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hysteresis Effects and Strain-Induced Homogeneity Effects in Base Metal Thermocouples
P. Pavlasek,C. J. Elliott,J. V. Pearce,Stanislav Duris,Rudolf Palenčár,M. Koval,Graham Machin +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of strain-induced inhomogeneities and hysteresis on thermocouple wire homogeneity was investigated in MIMS thermocouples.
Journal ArticleDOI
Irreversible thermoelectric changes in type K and type N thermocouple alloys within Nicrosil-sheathed MIMS cable
TL;DR: In this article, the irreversible changes in the Seebeck coefficient that occur in mineral-insulated Nicrosil-sheathed thermocouples were measured during 530 h of heating at temperatures up to 1200 degrees C.
References
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Thermocouple reference tables, based on the IPTS-68
TL;DR: In this article, the reference data for thermocouples have been generated in a cooperative program between groups of the National Bureau of Standards in Boulder and Gaithersburg, Maryland.
ReportDOI
Thermocouple Reference Tables Based on the IPTS-68
Robert L. Powell,William J. Hall,Clyde H. Hyink,Larry L. Sparks,George W. Burns,Margaret G. Scroger,Harmon H. Plumb +6 more
TL;DR: This Monograph contains tables, analytic expressions, various approximations, and explanatory text about thermocouples generated in a cooperative program between groups of the National Bureau of Standards in Boulder and Gaithersburg.
ReportDOI
The Nicrosil versus Nisil Thermocouple: Properties and Thermoelectric Reference Data
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors deal with the formulation and development of the new highly stable nickel-base thermocouple alloys Nicrosil (Ni-14.2Cr-1.4Si) and Nisil(Ni-4.4Ni-0.1Mg) under the leadership of the Materials Research Laboratories (MRL) of the Australian Government of Defence, and their standardization by the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) of U.S. Department of Commerce.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ni-based thermocouples in the mineral-insulated metal-sheathed format: thermoelectric instabilities to 1100 degrees C
R E Bentley,T L Morgan +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined metal-sheathed Ni-based thermocouples held at temperatures in the range 500-1100 degrees C for up to 1000 h, and found that the most stable configuration was the Inconel-Sheathed Nicrosil/Nisil thermocouple.
Journal ArticleDOI
Errors in thermoelectric thermometers
TL;DR: In this article, an experimental method is derived, which distinguishes and measures the effect of various factors on a given type of thermocouple, and which enables the results to be used to calculate the performance of the thermometer under given conditions, such as as-received inhomogeneity, plastic strain and heating up to 650°C.