Journal ArticleDOI
Three dimensions of expertise
TLDR
The resulting three-dimensional ‘expertise-space’ can be explored in a number of ways which reveal the narrowness of the analysis and the mistakes that have been made under the one-dimensional model.Abstract:
Psychologists and philosophers tend to treat expertise as a property of special individuals. These are individuals who have devoted much more time than the general population to the acquisition of their specific expertises. They are often said to pass through stages as they move toward becoming experts, for example, passing from an early stage, in which they follow self-conscious rules, to an expert stage in which skills are executed unconsciously. This approach is ‘one-dimensional’. Here, two extra dimensions are added. They are drawn from the programme known as Studies of Expertise and Experience (SEE) and its ‘Periodic Table of Expertises’. SEE, which is sociological, and/or Wittgensteinian, in inspiration, takes expertise to be the property of groups; there are ‘domains’ of expertise. Under SEE, level of expertise grows with embedding in the society of domain experts; the key is the transmission of domain-specific tacit knowledge. Thus, one extra dimension is degree of exposure to tacit knowledge. Under SEE, domains can be big or small so there can be ‘ubiquitous tacit knowledge’, such as natural-language-speaking or other elements of general social behaviour, which belong to every member of a society. The second extra dimension is, therefore, ‘esotericity’. The resulting three-dimensional ‘expertise-space’ can be explored in a number of ways which reveal the narrowness of the analysis and the mistakes that have been made under the one-dimensional model.read more
Citations
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Book ChapterDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
Valuing Multiple Trajectories of Knowledge: A Critical Review and Agenda for Knowledge Management Research
TL;DR: In this article, the authors uncover a bias toward explaining knowledge integration over research exploring processes of knowledge differentiation, and build an argument for why understanding differentiation is an increasingly important charge for management and organizational scholars.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Problem of Expertise in Knowledge Societies.
TL;DR: This paper puts forward a theoretical framework for the analysis of expertise and experts in contemporary societies, showing the limitations of existing frameworks and emphasizing one crucial element of all expertise, which is their role in guiding action.
MonographDOI
Learning and Everyday Life: Access, Participation, and Changing Practice
Jean Lave,Ana Maria Rabelo Gomes +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, Lave explores teaching as learning and examines the reciprocal effects of theories of everyday life and learning, and demonstrates the changing character of Lave's own research practice over two decades.
Journal ArticleDOI
Computer-Mediated Communication in the Age of Communication Visibility
TL;DR: A theory of communication visibility is proposed that recognizes its multidimensional nature: resulting from activities that make communication visible, efforts by actors to see communication, and a sociomaterial context that influences possibilities for visibility.
References
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Book
Mind over machine: The power of human intuition and expertise in the era of the computer
TL;DR: The authors, one a philosopher and the other a computer scientist, argue that even highly advanced systems only correspond to the very early stages of human learning and that there are many human skills that computers will never be able to emulate.
BookDOI
The Cambridge handbook of expertise and expert performance
TL;DR: In this article, K. Anders Ericsson and K.H. Chi introduce the Cambridge handbook of expertise and expert performance, its development, organization, and content, and two approaches to the study of experts' characteristics.
Book
Tacit and Explicit Knowledge
TL;DR: In "Tacit and Explicit Knowledge", Harry Collins develops a common conceptual language to bridge the concept's disparate domains by explaining explicit knowledge and classifying tacit knowledge.
Book ChapterDOI
Two Approaches to the Study of Experts' Characteristics
TL;DR: The nature of expertise has been studied in two general ways as discussed by the authors : one way is to study truly exceptional people with the goal of understanding how they perform in their domain of expertise.