Journal ArticleDOI
Transitions in the Friction and Wear of Carbons and Graphites Sliding Against Themselves
TLDR
In this paper, the friction and wear properties of various carbons and graphites have been measured during sliding against themselves in air and the sliding conditions at the transition are associated with a critical temperature of the contacting asperities, and the magnitude of this temperature, approximately 150-185 C for graphitic materials, has been estimated both directly and by application of flash-temperature theory.Abstract:
The friction and wear properties of various carbons and graphites have been measured during sliding against themselves in air. Many materials exhibit sudden and large increases in both friction and wear at a critical combination of load, speed, and temperature, and the effects are most pronounced for electrographites and natural graphites. The sliding conditions at the transition are associated with a critical temperature of the contacting asperities, and the magnitude of this temperature, approximately 150–185 C for graphitic materials, has been estimated both directly and by application of flash-temperature theory. The phenomena accompanying the transitions are very similar to those occurring during dusting of carbon brushes at high altitudes, and a similar explanation is invoked in terms of the adsorption of water vapor and oxygen. The critical combinations of loads and speeds required to initiate the transition are much more severe than those normally encountered during the operation of carbon brushes...read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
A review of the influence of environmental humidity and water on friction, lubrication and wear
TL;DR: A review of the various ways in which humidity and liquid water can influence the friction and wear of metals, polymers, carbons and graphite, lamellar solid lubricants and ceramics is given in this article.
Journal ArticleDOI
Influence of water vapor and oxygen on the tribology of carbon materials with sp2 valence configuration
TL;DR: In this article, the tribological properties of graphite, non-graphitic carbon, carbon-carbon composite, and carbon-amorphous carbon in nitrogen and air were investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI
The influence of environment and pressure on the transition to dusting wear of graphite
J K Lancaster,J R Pritchard +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the onset of dusting is invariably associated with the attainment of a critical temperature at the contacting asperities, which increases with partial pressure of the vapour and, for a series of n-paraffins and alcohols, also increases with molecular size.
Journal ArticleDOI
Material-specific wear mechanisms : relevance to wear modelling
TL;DR: Particle detachment processes for four groups of materials (metals, polymers, ceramics/glasses and carbon/graphites) are reviewed in this paper, with particular emphasis on the role of the properties of various materials.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of Humidity on Friction and Wear—A Critical Review
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of humidity on macro and nano-scale friction and wear of various types of materials are reviewed, including graphite and graphene, diamond-like carbon (DLC), ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), boric acid, silicon, silicon oxide, silicates, advanced ceramics, and metals.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The temperature of rubbing surfaces
TL;DR: In this article, a simple formulation of flash temperature theory is given, which reduces the mathematical complexities and instead emphasises the relevant physical considerations, and the use of the theory is illustrated by some new experimental results on the breakdown of Perspex and the wear of steels.
Journal ArticleDOI
Elastic deformation and the laws of friction
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined whether the hypothesis of elastic deformation of surface protuberances is consistent with Amontons's law, that the friction is proportional to the applied load.
Journal ArticleDOI
A study of mechanisms of graphite friction and wear
TL;DR: In this paper, a basic research program to determine fundamental phenomena involved in lubrication by graphite and other lamellar solids is described, where a theoretical calculation of the interlamellar binding energy of the ideal graphite lattice is described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Vapor Lubrication of Graphite Sliding Contacts
Robert H. Savage,D. L. Schaefer +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a fundamental study of graphite sliding contacts shows that atmospheric concentrations of only a few parts per million of the larger organic molecules are sufficient to prevent the severe wear of a graphite which occurs in a dry atmosphere.
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The influence of environment and pressure on the transition to dusting wear of graphite
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