Journal ArticleDOI
Trends in accidents, disasters and risk sources in Europe
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TLDR
In this paper, the authors examine current trends in the risk sources and occurrences of four classes of undesired events, entailing largely involuntary risk (e.g., neither car-driving nor smoking): • major accidents at fixed installations in the process industry, • incidents/accidents at nuclear installations, • marine transport and offshore installation accidents, • disasters caused by natural hazards and their potential exacerbation by human activities.Abstract:
Most of the adverse impacts on man and/or the environment result from routine human activities such as the process industry, electricity generation and use, transport and agriculture (hazards, i.e. sources of risk). Apart from such essentially technological hazards, possibly resulting in “accidents”, human health and the environment can also be affected by natural hazards, possibly resulting in “disasters”, such as earthquakes or floods. This paper examines current trends in the risk sources and occurrences of four classes of such types of undesired events, entailing largely involuntary risk (e.g. neither car-driving nor smoking): • major accidents at fixed installations in the process industry, • incidents/accidents at nuclear installations, • marine transport and offshore installation accidents, • disasters caused by natural hazards and their potential exacerbation by human activities.
It aims to provide an integrated overview of such events in Europe ( ≡ 15 EU Member States, 4 EFTA, 13 PHARE, 7 TACIS and 5 other South and South Eastern European countries ) during the last decade, estimating and interpreting trends in the number of risk sources and accidental events. For each type of event, specific “accident” definitions are given, illustrating the differences in the perception of the respective risk.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Domino effect in process-industry accidents - An inventory of past events and identification of some patterns
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an inventory of major process industry accidents involving "domino effect", which includes, among other relevant information, the sequence of accidents that had occurred in each domino episode.
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Learning from accidents : what more do we need to know?
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a model of experience feedback (the CHAIN model) that emphasizes the whole chain from initial reporting to preventive measures and identify important research needs in the field of learning from accidents.
BookDOI
Extreme weather events and public health responses
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review of the human health consequences of extreme weather and climate events in Europe, focusing on the effects of flooding on human health and the role of educational level and socio-economic conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Statistical analysis of major accidents in petrochemical industry notified to the major accident reporting system (MARS)
TL;DR: The statistical analysis focused on the main categorization fields of the MARS short reports and additionally a refinement of the immediate causes of major accidents with focus on the organizational factors was attempted through the details provided in the full reports of the database.
Journal ArticleDOI
Avalanche fatalities in the European Alps: long-term trends and statistics
Frank Techel,Frédéric Jarry,Georg Kronthaler,Susanna Mitterer,Patrick Nairz,Miha Pavšek,Mauro Valt,Gian Darms +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the long-term trends in avalanche fatality data from the European Alps (Austria, France, Germany, Liechtenstein, Italy, Slovenia, and Switzerland) for three different periods between 1937 and 2015 and applied the same data analysis methodology.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
On The Quantitative Definition of Risk
Stanley Kaplan,B. John Garrick +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a quantitative definition of risk is suggested in terms of the idea of a "set of triplets" and extended to include uncertainty and completeness, and the use of Bayes' theorem is described in this connection.
Journal ArticleDOI
The importance of near miss reporting to further improve safety performance
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present examples of current experience in the chemical industry with the collection and analysis of data on near misses and discuss with regard to industry-wide conclusions regarding the impact of near misses on risk estimates derived from QRA.
Journal ArticleDOI
The radiological consequences of the Chernobyl accident
TL;DR: The overall findings from this workshop are discussed with particular focus on thyroid cancers and exposures to iodine-131.
Journal ArticleDOI
The functioning and status of the EC's major accident reporting system on industrial accidents
TL;DR: The European Commission's Major Accident Reporting System (MARS) as discussed by the authors is dedicated to collect in a consistent way data on major industrial accidents involving dangerous substances from the Member States of the European Union under the requirements of the 'Seveso Directives', to analyse and statistically process them, and to distribute all non-confidential accidents data and analysis results to the member states.