Journal ArticleDOI
Understanding the association between socioeconomic status and physical health: do negative emotions play a role?
Linda C. Gallo,Karen A. Matthews +1 more
TLDR
In this article, the authors evaluate the possible roles of negative emotions and cognitions in the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and physical health, focusing on the outcomes of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality.Abstract:
In this article, the authors evaluate the possible roles of negative emotions and cognitions in the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and physical health, focusing on the outcomes of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality. After reviewing the limited direct evidence, the authors examine indirect evidence showing that (a) SES relates to the targeted health outcomes, (b) SES relates to negative emotions and cognitions, and (c) negative emotions and cognitions relate to the targeted health outcomes. The authors present a general framework for understanding the roles of cognitive-emotional factors, suggesting that low-SES environments are stressful and reduce individuals' reserve capacity to manage stress, thereby increasing vulnerability to negative emotions and cognitions. The article concludes with suggestions for future research to better evaluate the proposed model.read more
Citations
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Personality development: stability and change.
TL;DR: This review examines research about the structure of personality in childhood and in adulthood, with special attention to possible developmental changes in the lower-order components of broad traits.
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The Power of Personality: The Comparative Validity of Personality Traits, Socioeconomic Status, and Cognitive Ability for Predicting Important Life Outcomes:
TL;DR: The influence of personality traits on important life outcomes is demonstrated, the need to more routinely incorporate measures of personality into quality of life surveys is highlighted, and further research is encouraged about the developmental origins of personality trait and the processes by which these traits influence diverse life outcomes.
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The Experience of Emotion
TL;DR: This chapter outlines an emerging scientific agenda for understanding what experiences of emotion feel like and how they arise, and the role of such experiences in the economy of the mind and behavior.
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Coping Resources, Coping Processes, and Mental Health
TL;DR: The origins of coping resources and processes in genes, early life experience, and gene-environment interactions are addressed, and neural underpinnings of coping are addressed that may shed light on evaluating coping interventions.
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Having Less, Giving More: The Influence of Social Class on Prosocial Behavior
TL;DR: Mediator and moderator data showed that lower class individuals acted in a more prosocial fashion because of a greater commitment to egalitarian values and feelings of compassion, and implications for social class, prosocial behavior, and economic inequality are discussed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations.
Reuben M. Baron,David A. Kenny +1 more
TL;DR: This article seeks to make theorists and researchers aware of the importance of not using the terms moderator and mediator interchangeably by carefully elaborating the many ways in which moderators and mediators differ, and delineates the conceptual and strategic implications of making use of such distinctions with regard to a wide range of phenomena.
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The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
TL;DR: The CES-D scale as discussed by the authors is a short self-report scale designed to measure depressive symptomatology in the general population, which has been used in household interview surveys and in psychiatric settings.
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Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis.
Sheldon Cohen,Thomas Ashby Wills +1 more
TL;DR: There is evidence consistent with both main effect and main effect models for social support, but each represents a different process through which social support may affect well-being.