Journal ArticleDOI
Validity and Washback in Language Testing.
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The authors examines the concept of washback as an instance of the consequential aspect of construct validity, linking positive washback to so-called authentic and direct assessments and, more basically, to the need to minimize construct under-representation and construct-irrelevant difficulty in the test.Abstract:
Washback, a concept prominent in applied linguistics, refers to the extent to which the introduction and use of a test influences language teachers and learners to do things they would not otherwise do that promote or inhibit language learning. Some proponents have even maintained that a test's validity should be appraised by the degree to which it manifests positive or negative washback, a notion akin to the proposal of 'systemic validity' in the educational measurement literature. This article examines the concept of washback as an instance of the consequential aspect of construct validity, linking positive washback to so-called authentic and direct assessments and, more basically, to the need to minimize construct under- representation and construct-irrelevant difficulty in the test.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
Working for washback: a review of the washback concept in language testing:
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a literature review which seeks to answer four questions: 1) What is washback, 2) How does washback work, 3) How can we promote positive washback and 4) How to investigate washback.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix.
TL;DR: This transmutability of the validation matrix argues for the comparisons within the heteromethod block as the most generally relevant validation data, and illustrates the potential interchangeability of trait and method components.
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Objective tests as instruments of psychological theory.
TL;DR: The concept of substantive validity was introduced in this paper and has been extended to include content valldlty in the concept of structural validity, which is a generalization of the classical validity concept.
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The Interplay of Evidence and Consequences in the Validation of Performance Assessments
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors make a distinction between task-driven and construct-driven performance assessment, emphasizing the need for specialized validity criteria tailored for performance assessment and emphasizing the importance of domain coverage.
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An argument-based approach to validity.
TL;DR: In this paper, an interpretive argument for a placement test as an example is presented, and the authors examine some key properties of interpretive arguments for the test's validation. But they focus on the interpretation assigned to test scores rather than with the test itself.