Journal ArticleDOI
Warming of permafrost in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska
T. E. Osterkamp,J. C. Jorgenson +1 more
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Permafrost borehole temperatures were measured in 1985, 1998, and 2004 on Barter Island near the village of Kaktovik and in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (Arctic NWR) north of the Brooks Range as discussed by the authors.Abstract:
Permafrost borehole temperatures were measured in 1985, 1998, and 2004 on Barter Island near the village of Kaktovik and in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (Arctic NWR) north of the Brooks Range These measurements indicate that the century-long warming documented for the central and western Arctic has also occurred in the region near Barter Island and in the northern Arctic NWR At Kaktovik, the warming occurred during the second quarter of the 20th century or earlier and its magnitude exceeded 08°C A more recent warming (since the mid to late 1980s) similar to that in the central and western Arctic is also occurring on Barter Island and in the northern Arctic NWR Near Kaktovik, the permafrost warmed about 2 to 3°C from 1985 to 2004 In the northern Arctic NWR, on a line extending southward from Tapkaurak Point, it warmed about 15 to 2°C from 1985 to 1998 If air temperatures warm 5°C over the next century, as predicted, some of the permafrost in the northern Arctic NWR would be expected to thaw Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltdread more
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Journal ArticleDOI
High stocks of soil organic carbon in the North American Arctic region
Chien-Lu Ping,Gary J. Michaelson,M. T. Jorgenson,John M. Kimble,Howard E. Epstein,Vladimir E. Romanovsky,Donald A. Walker +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented 1m-deep measurements of soil organic carbon obtained at 117 locations in the North American Arctic region, which revealed that the carbon store in this region is larger than previous estimates suggest, and highly dependent on landscape type.
Journal ArticleDOI
Incorporating organic soil into a global climate model
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used global soil carbon data to build a geographically distributed, profiled soil carbon density dataset for the Community Land Model (CLM) parameterizations for soil thermal and hydraulic properties to accommodate both mineral and organic soil matter.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characteristics of the recent warming of permafrost in Alaska
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the recent warming of permafrost in Alaska, particularly those regarding timing, duration, magnitude, spatial distribution, seasonality, active layer effects, thawing, thermokarst terrain, and causes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sensitivity of a model projection of near‐surface permafrost degradation to soil column depth and representation of soil organic matter
TL;DR: The sensitivity of a global land-surface model projection of near-surface permafrost degradation is assessed with respect to explicit accounting of the thermal and hydrologic properties of soil organic matter and to a deepening of the soil column from 35 to 50 m as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate trends in the Arctic as observed from space
TL;DR: Comparisons with trends in clouds, albedo, and the Arctic Oscillation are presented to gain insight into changes in the region while a thickening of the active layer that overlies permafrost and a thinning of seasonally frozen ground has also been reported.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Changing Climate: Geothermal Evidence from Permafrost in the Alaskan Arctic
TL;DR: Since models of greenhouse warming predict climatic change will be greatest in the Arctic and might already be in progress, it is prudent to attempt to understand the rapidly changing thermal regime in this region.
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Permafrost, heat flow, and the geothermal regime at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska
TL;DR: In this paper, temperature measurements through permafrost in the oil field at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, combined with laboratory measurements of the thermal conductivity of drill cuttings permit an evaluation of in situ thermal properties and an understanding of the general factors that control the geothermal regime.
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Some characteristics of the climate in northern Alaska, U.S.A.
TL;DR: The climate of northern Alaska is strongly influenced by the ocean, not only during the summer months, as reported in the early literature, but also during the winter months as a result of the increased heat flux to the atmosphere from sea ice and leads over the ocean compared to the land as mentioned in this paper.
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Establishing long-term permafrost observatories for active-layer and permafrost investigations in Alaska: 1977–2002
TL;DR: A total of 22 permafrost observatories have been established with boreholes 15 to 80m in depth as mentioned in this paper, and these sites are primarily along a north-south transect of Alaska paralleling the Alyeska oil pipeline from Prudhoe Bay to Glennallen and are visited and serviced annually.
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Alaskan Temperature Fluctuations and Trends: An Analysis of Recorded Data
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared recorded temperature data for Alaska to documented trends of annual world mean temperature, which show a warming trend from 1880 to 1940 followed by cooling (graphed), and made distinction between trend and fluctuation, utilizing 4 and 8 yr running means and 3 and 5 yr weighted means (8 yr means graphed).